In examining leaves with the view of procuring Fungi, the reader will most likely meet with the two kinds of bodies represented in Plate VIII. figs. 38 & 39. These are not Fungi, but galls. They arise from an abnormal growth of the leaf-structures, produced by the deposition of the eggs of insects (_Cynipidæ_). The well-known oak-apple, and the red hairy-looking body found upon hedge-roses, are both galls produced in the same way. _Examination and Preservation._--The examination of the Fungi scarcely requires any special remarks. They should be viewed first as opake objects under a low power; and then sections should be made, or the textures separated with the mounted needles. There is some difficulty in moistening the smaller filamentous Fungi with water, which is requisite in the determination of the arrangement of the spores upon the branches. Hence the best plan is to lay the Fungus upon a slide, apply a cover, then to add a drop of spirit of wine and afterwards a little water to the edge of the cover. When thus wetted, the spores may be more or less removed with a wet hair-pencil, when the ends of the branches will become perfectly distinct. In examination of the dried smaller Fungi as the _Sphæriæ_, the capsules should be macerated for a time in water. The softer Fungi are very difficult of preservation in the entire state; but the sections or minute structures may be mounted in chloride of calcium or glycerine. The harder and drier Fungi may be preserved by drying and gentle pressure between coarse absorbent paper. They may then be glued to pieces of paper and labelled, in the same manner as the flowering plants. Specimens of the capsules, as of the _Sphæriæ_, &c., may also be mounted in the dry state, the asci being preserved in the chloride of calcium or glycerine, in which liquids most of the smaller Fungi will keep extremely well. PLATE IX. [PAGE 113.] ANIMAL TISSUES, &c. Fig. 1. Blood-corpuscles, Human. 2. Blood-corpuscles of Bird (Fowl). 3. Blood-corpuscles of Reptile (Frog). 4. Blood-corpuscles of Fish (Stickleback). 5. Hair of Bat. 6. Hair of Mouse. 7. Hair of Mouse. 8. Hair, human. 9. Hair, human. 10. Wool, fibre of. 11. Flax, fibres of. 12. Cotton, fibres of. 13. Silk, fibres of. 14. Feather, portion of: _a_, barbs; _b_, _c_, pinnæ. 15. Bone, section of: _a_, lacunæ. 16. Cartilage, section of. 17. Feather, downy. 18. Feather, downy: pinna. 19. Shell, pearly or nacreous portion of. 20. Muscle: _a_, cellular tissue; _b_, fibrillæ; _c_, bundle of fibrillæ. 21. Tongue of Whelk: _a_, natural size. 22. Scale of Dace. 23. Scale of Perch. 24. Scale of Cod. 25. Spermatozoa of Chub. 26. _Flustra foliacea_: _a_, cells of; _b_, animal, with the tentacles expanded. 27. _Flustra foliacea._ 28. Shell of Oyster, brown portion of. 29. Shell of Oyster, prisms of. 30. _Cyclops quadricornis._ 31. _Daphnia pulex_, female. 32. _Daphnia pulex_, head of male. 33. _Canthocamptus minutus_, an Entomostracan.