An encyclopedist of the dark ages: Isidore of SevilleBrehaut, Ernest
History
An encyclopedist of the dark ages: Isidore of Seville
Brehaut, Ernest
Isidore, of Seville, Saint, -636; Thesis (Ph. D.)
25. _Hyaenia_ is a stone found in the eye of the hyena and they say
that if it is placed under the tongue of a man he foretells the
future.
Chapter 20. On bronze.
4. Corinthian bronze is a mixture of all metals, and it was first
made by accident at Corinth, when the city was taken and burned. For
when Hannibal had taken the city, he piled all the statues of bronze
and gold and silver into one heap and burned them.
Chapter 21. On iron.
2. There is no body with elements so dense, so closely interlacing
and interwoven, as iron; whence in it there is hardness and cold.
Chapter 25. On weights.
1. It is a delight to learn the manner of weights and measures. For
all corporeal substances, as it is written, from the highest even
to the lowest, are ordered and shaped within the limits of measure,
number, and weight. To all corporeal things nature has assigned
weight. Its own weight regulates everything.
2. Moses, who preceded all the philosophers of the nations in time,
first told us of measures and numbers and weight in different
passages in the Scripture. Phidon of Argos was the first to establish
a system of weights in Greece.
19. _Uncia_ ... And it is reckoned a lawful weight for this reason,
that the number of its scruples measures the hours of the day and
night, or because reckoned twelve times it makes a pound.
20. _Libra_ (pound) is made up of twelve ounces, and thence is
counted a kind of perfect weight, because it is made up of as many
ounces as a year is months. And it is called _libra_ because it is
_libera_ (free) and embraces all the aforementioned weights within
itself.
23. _Centenarium_ is a weight of one hundred pounds. And this weight
the Romans established because of the perfection of the number one
hundred.
Chapter 26. On measures.
1. Measure is the limiting of something in amount or time. It has
to do with either corporeal substance or time. It has to do with
corporeal substance as, for example, the length or shortness of men,
pieces of timber, and columns; even the sun has a measure proper to
its circle, which geometricians dare to inquire into. It has to do
with time as, for example, hours, days, years; whence we say that we
measure the feet of the hours.
2. But speaking in a limited sense, measure (_mensura_) is so named
because by it fruits and grain are meted, that is, wet and dry
measure, as _modius_ (peck), _artabo_ (three and half modi), _urna_
(pitcher), _amphora_ (jar).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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