An enquiry concerning the principles of natural knowledgeWhitehead, Alfred North
Philosophy
An enquiry concerning the principles of natural knowledge
Whitehead, Alfred North
Knowledge, Theory of; Science -- Philosophy; Space and time
This conception is diagrammatically illustrated [but not exactly
represented] by the annexed diagram in which two dimensions have been
lost. Thus the three-dimensional regions and
are represented by two straight lines. These lines also
represent [with full dimensions] two rects and
in and respectively: the
genesis of these rects will be explained below. The two-dimensional
'level' is represented by the single
event-particle which lies in it: is the
-point-track through , and the
-point-track through ; these are represented by dotted
lines.
The plane of the paper is the two-dimensional matrix containing all the
-point-tracks through event-particles on , and
all the -point-tracks through event-particles on
. This matrix intersects in the rect
, and in the rect .
Then the rect is perpendicular to the level, or
instantaneous plane it , where both
and lie in the three-dimensional instantaneous
space ; also analogously for the rect and
the level in . Thus the system of
levels parallel to in is a system
of instantaneous planes in perpendicular to the system of
rects in parallel to . This pair of systems
reflects in the relation between the system of
-moments to the system of -point-tracks. Thus the
geometry of an instantaneous moment expresses the relations of the
event-particles of the moment to the whole bundle of alternative
time-systems.
In this connection it may be well to expand the substance of a paragraph
[pp. 89, 90] in the Concept of Nature:—An instantaneous
point is an event-particle. It has two aspects. In one aspect it is
there, where it is, in relation to the moments of the various space-time
systems of the whole bundle of such systems. This aspect is expressed by
the definition of a punct, which is determined by the individual moments
(one from each space-time system) which contain it. The indivisibility
of a point is expressed by the fact that any moment either contains the
whole punct or contains nothing of the punct: the three-dimensionality
of space, with time as a fourth dimension, is expressed by the fact that
a punct is defined by four moments [not exceptionally related]: the
position of the punct is expressed by those moments which do contain it.
In another aspect a point is got at as a limit by indefinitely
diminishing the dimensions of circumambient space-time. This aspect of
absence of dimensions is expressed by the definition of an
event-particle by means of abstractive sets with a certain quality of
primeness in relation to puncts.
The intimate connection of geometry with the properties of the bundle of
space-time systems is thus illustrated by the characters of
instantaneous points, planes, and lines, and by the origin of
parallelism and normality. Geometry expresses in three-dimensions these
qualities of the four-dimensional space-time continuum.
Note VI.The deductions in 50.3 and
51.1 are over condensed. They can be expanded
as follows:
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