An enquiry concerning the principles of natural knowledgeWhitehead, Alfred North
Philosophy
An enquiry concerning the principles of natural knowledge
Whitehead, Alfred North
Knowledge, Theory of; Science -- Philosophy; Space and time
In so far as recognition of a sense-object is confined to primary
recognition within the present duration, the sense-object and the event
do not clearly disentangle themselves; recollection and memory are the
chief agents in producing a clear consciousness of a sense-object. But
apart from recollection and memory, any factor, perceived as situated in
an external event, which might occur again and which is not a relation
between other such factors, is a sense-object. Sense-objects form the
ultimate type of perceived objects (other than percipient objects) and
do not express any permanence of relatedness between perceived objects
of yet more fundamental types.
23.3 A sense-object, such as a particular shade of redness, has a
variety of relations to the events of nature. These relations are not
explicable in terms of the two-termed relations to which attention is
ordinarily confined.
The events which (in addition to the sense-object) enter as terms into
such a relation can be classified into three sets (not mutually
exclusive), namely (i) percipient events, (ii) events which are
'situations' of the sense-object, (iii) conditioning events.
23.4 A percipient event in the polyadic relation of a
sense-object to nature is the percipient event of an awareness which
includes the recognition of that sense-object. An event is a
situation of the sense-object for that percipient event when for the
associated awareness the sense-object is a quality of . Now
perception involves essentially both a percipient event and an
associated duration within which that percipient event is set and with
which it is cogredient. A situation of a sense-object in respect to a
given percipient event occurs within the associated duration of the
percipient event. In fact the content of the awareness derived from a
given percipient event is merely the associated duration as extending
over a complex of events which are situations of sense-objects of
perception and also as extending over the percipient event itself. For
example, an astronomer looks through a telescope and sees a new red star
burst into existence. He sees redness situated in some event which is
happening now and whose spatial relations to other events, though fairly
determinate as to direction from him, are very vague as to distance.
23.5 We say that what he really sees is a star coming into being
two centuries previously. But the relation of the event 'really seen' to
the percipient event and to the redness is an entirely different one
from that of the event 'seen' to these same entities. It is only the
incurable poverty of language which blurs the distinction.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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