An enquiry concerning the principles of natural knowledgeWhitehead, Alfred North
Philosophy
An enquiry concerning the principles of natural knowledge
Whitehead, Alfred North
Knowledge, Theory of; Science -- Philosophy; Space and time
25.6 In terms of space and time (as derived by the method of
extensive abstraction) the situation of a physical object shrinks into
its spatial position at an instant together with its associated motion.
Also an event occupied by an electron shrinks into the position at an
instant of the electric charge forming its nucleus, together with its
associated motion. But the quantitative charge is entirely devoid of
character apart from its associated field; it expresses the character of
the occupied events which is due to their relation to the electron. Its
permanence of quantity reflects the permanence which is recognised in
the electron, considered for itself alone.
25.7 The 'unoccupied' events possess a definite character
expressive of the reign of law in the creative advance of nature, i.e.
in the passage of events. This type of character of events unoccupied by
the electron is also shared by the occupied events. It expresses the
rôle of the electron as an agency in the passage of events. In fact the
electron is nothing else than the expression of certain permanent
recognisable features in this creative advance.
Thus the character of event e which it receives from electron ,
which does not occupy it, is one of the influences which govern the
change of electron , which does occupy , into the occupation
of other events succeeding . The complete rule of change for
can be expressed in terms of the complete character which e receives
from its relations to all the electrons in the universe.
25.8 The connectedness of the characters which events receive
from a given electron is expressed by the notion of transmission, namely
the characters are transmitted from the occupied events according to a
regular rule, which depends on the continuity of events arising from
their mutual relations of extension. This transmission through events is
expressible as a transmission through space with finite velocity.
25.9 Thus in an event unoccupied by it an electron is discerned
only as an agent modifying the character of that event; whereas in an
event occupied by it the electron is discerned as itself acted on,
namely the character of that event governs the fate of the electron.
Thus in a sense there is no action at a distance; for the fate of each
electron is wholly determined by the event it occupies. But in a sense
there is action at a distance, since the character of any event is
modified (to however slight a degree) by any other electron, however
separated by intervening events. This action at a distance is in its
turn limited to being a transmission through the intervening events.
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