An enquiry concerning the principles of natural knowledgeWhitehead, Alfred North
Philosophy
An enquiry concerning the principles of natural knowledge
Whitehead, Alfred North
Knowledge, Theory of; Science -- Philosophy; Space and time
34. Parallelism and Time-Systems.
34.1 If the Newtonian theory of relativity were true, no pair of
durations would lack durations extending over both of them, namely
larger durations including both the given durations. But on the
electromagnetic theory of relativity this is not necessarily the case,
namely some pairs of durations are extended over by a family of
durations and some are not. We shall adopt the electromagnetic theory of
relativity.
A pair of durations both of which are parts of the same duration are
called 'parallel'; and also a pair of moments such that there are
durations in which both inhere are called 'parallel.'
Parallelism has the usual properties of transitiveness, symmetry and
reflexiveness. Also two durations which do not intersect are parallel;
and parallel moments which are not identical never intersect. If two
parallel durations intersect there is a duration which is their complete
intersection, but there are no durations among the common parts of two
durations which are not parallel. Two moments which are not parallel
necessarily intersect.
34.2 Two durations which are parallel to the same duration are
parallel to each other; thus it is evident that each absolute antiprime
and each moment must be composed of parallel durations.
A 'family of parallel durations' is formed by all the durations parallel
to a given duration, including that duration itself. Evidently any two
members of such a family are parallel, and no duration out of the family
is parallel to any duration of the family.
Analogously to such families of parallel durations, there are families
of parallel moments, with the property that no two moments of the same
family intersect and that any moment out of a given family intersects
every moment belonging to the family.
The durations which are the members of the various moments of a given
family of moments themselves form a family of parallel durations. Thus
corresponding to a family of parallel durations there is one and only
one family of parallel moments; and corresponding to a family of
parallel moments there is one and only one family of parallel durations.
A pair of such corresponding families, one of durations and the other of
moments, form the 'time-system' associated with either of the two
families.
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