An enquiry concerning the principles of natural knowledgeWhitehead, Alfred North
Philosophy
An enquiry concerning the principles of natural knowledge
Whitehead, Alfred North
Knowledge, Theory of; Science -- Philosophy; Space and time
There is an exact correlation between the time-less space of a
time-system and any momentary space of the same time-system. For any
point of the momentary space is an event-particle which occupies one and
only one point of the time-less space; and any straight line of the
momentary space is a rect which lies in one associated matrix including
one straight line of the time-less space, or (in other words) each
straight line of the momentary space occupies a straight line of the
time-less space.
A time-system corresponds to a consentient set of the Newtonian group,
and the time-less space of the time-system is the space of the
corresponding consentient group.
CHAPTER XII
NORMALITY AND CONGRUENCE
47. Normality. 47.1 A point-track will be said to be 'normal'
to the moments of the time-system in the space of which it is a point.
A matrix is said to be 'normal' to the moments which are normal to any
of the point-tracks which it contains.
Consider an event-particle and a matrix which contains .
Let , ... be the collinear set of time-systems
whose points lie in or are parallel to the matrix . Let
, ... be the moments of the
time-systems ... which contain . Then the
levels , ... in which respectively
and , and ,
etc., intersect are identical, and the event-particle is the sole
event-particle forming the intersection of and .
Also intersects each of these moments , and
, and , etc., in rects
, etc., respectively.
The level and the matrix are said to be mutually
'normal.' It will be noted that any two time-systems, and
, determine one level and one matrix which are mutually normal
and each contain a given event-particle. Corresponding to any level
containing there is one matrix normal to it at ; and
corresponding to any matrix containing there is one level normal to
it at .
If and be a level and a matrix normal to each other, then
the rects in will be called normal to the rects and point-tracks
in . A pair of rects which are normal to each other will also be
called 'perpendicular' or 'at right-angles.' Two point-tracks can never
be normal to each other since no point-track lies on a level. Parallels
to normals are themselves normal.
47.2 Continuing the notation of
47.1 we note that the matrix includes straight
lines , etc., of the spaces of
, etc., and intersects the moments
, etc., in rects
, etc., which respectively occupy
, etc. The rect
contains and is normal to every rect lying in .
Let ′ be any rect containing and lying in .
Then ′ and are mutually normal and both lie in the
moment .
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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