An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of AssentNewman, John Henry
Religion
An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent
Newman, John Henry
Faith; Theism
This being what Theists mean when they speak of God, their assent to
this truth admits without difficulty of being what I have called a
notional assent. It is an assent following upon acts of inference,
and other purely intellectual exercises; and it is an assent to a
large development of predicates, correlative to each other, or at
least intimately connected together, drawn out as if on paper, as we
might map a country which we had never seen, or construct mathematical
tables, or master the methods of discovery of Newton or Davy, without
being geographers, mathematicians, or chemists ourselves.
So far is clear; but the question follows, Can I attain to any more
vivid assent to the Being of a God, than that which is given merely to
notions of the intellect? Can I enter with a personal knowledge into
the circle of truths which make up that great thought? Can I rise to
what I have called an imaginative apprehension of it? Can I believe as
if I saw? Since such a high assent requires a present experience or
memory of the fact, at first sight it would seem as if the answer must
be in the negative; for how can I assent as if I saw, unless I have
seen? but no one in this life can see God. Yet I conceive a real assent
is possible, and I proceed to show how.
When it is said that we cannot see God, this is undeniable; but in what
sense have we a discernment of His creatures, of the individual beings
which surround us? The evidence which we have of their presence lies
in the phenomena which address our senses, and our warrant for taking
these for evidence is our instinctive certitude that they are evidence.
By the law of our nature we associate those sensible phenomena or
impressions with certain units, individuals, substances, whatever they
are to be called, which are outside and out of the reach of sense, and
we picture them to ourselves in those phenomena. The phenomena are
as if pictures; but at the same time they give us no exact measure
or character of the unknown things beyond them;—for who will say
there is any uniformity between the impressions which two of us would
respectively have of some third thing, supposing one of us had only the
sense of touch, and the other only the sense of hearing? Therefore,
when we speak of our having a picture of the things which are perceived
through the senses, we mean a certain representation, true as far as it
goes, but not adequate.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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