[7] The references here are to one of a series of articles entitled “Psychologie der Komik” in the _Phil. Monatshefte_, Bd. XXIV. See p. 399 ff. The articles have been elaborated in a volume, _Komik und Humor_. The point here dealt with is touched on in this volume in Kap. iv., s. 558. [8] The point that when we judge two successive impressions to be different we do not necessarily represent both simultaneously, has been recently emphasised by G. F. Stout and T. Loveday, who quote the views of Wundt and Schumann. See _Mind_, N.S., ix. (1900), pp. 1–7, and p. 386. [9] Dr. Lipps seems half to perceive this mode of interaction among parts of a complex presentation when he says that the cylinder appears to renounce its dignity (Würde) as man’s head-covering when it stoops to adorn the head of a child (_loc. cit._). [10] _Geschichte der Æsthetik in Deutschland_, p. 343. [11] _Versuch einer Theorie des Komischen_ (1817), s. 23. [12] See Darwin, _Expression of the Emotions_, p. 199. [13] See among other authorities, Raulin, _Le Rire_, p. 28. [14] See art. “The Psychology of Tickling, Laughing and the Comic,” by G. Stanley Hall and A. Allin, _American Journal of Psychology_, vol. ix., p. 1 ff. [15] _Purgatorio_, Canto xi., lines 82–3; _cf._ Canto i., line 20, where the fair planet (Venus) is said to have made the whole East laugh—a figure copied by Chaucer, _The Knightes Tale_, line 636. Addison touches on this poetical use of “laughter,” _Spectator_, No. 249. [16] Gratiolet, _De la Physionomie_, p. 116. Benedick instances as interjections of laughing “ha! ha! he”! _Much Ado About Nothing_, IV., i. [17] See an article on “Organic Processes and Consciousness,” by J. R. Angell and H. B. Thompson, in the _Psychological Review_, vol. vi., p. 55. According to these researches, a hearty laugh, causing sudden and violent changes in the breathing curve, is accompanied by the sharpest and most marked vaso-dilation, as tested by capillary pulse drawing; though in one case the opposite effect of constriction was produced. [18] _Anatomy of Melancholy_, Pt. 2, sec. 2, mem. vi. subsec. 4 (“mirth and merry company”). [19] Laughter is pronounced a “good exercise” by Dr. Leonard Hill in his useful work, _Manual of Human Physiology_ (1899), p. 236. The physiological benefits are more fully treated of by Dr. Harry Campbell in his publication, _Respiratory Exercises in the Treatment of Disease_ (1898), p. 125. [20] “_Positions_,” ed. by Quick, pp. 64, 65.