[271] Quoted by Meredith, _op. cit._, p. 87. [272] See his son’s _Life_, chap. vii. (vol. i., p. 167). [273] The question is left an open one by his biographer, J. Fitzmaurice-Kelly. See _Life of Cervantes_, p. 207. [274] _Causeries du Lundi_, vol. iii., pp. 3, 4. [275] _Logic Deductive and Inductive_, by Carveth Read. [276] Bernard’s translation of _The Kritik of Judgment_, p. 226. [277] Good illustrations will be found in the story of Mr. Bernard Capes, _The Lake of Wine_, chap. ii. and chap. xxxii. [278] See for one among many instances _Travels in West Africa_, chap. ix. (“The Rapids of the Ogowe”). [279] The story of Hans von Bülow’s almost superhuman behaviour under these circumstances is told in the _National Observer_ of 17th Feb., 1894. [280] See, for example, a letter from a titled lady in _The Times_ of the 1st June, 1894, in which this claim of “society” to the services of “the pick of blood and brains” is prettily assumed. [281] On the employment of buffoons and dwarfs in the palace of the Egyptian king see Maspero, _Dawn of Civilisation_, pp. 278, 279. On the Greek and Roman jesters (γελωτοποιοί, ἀρεταλόγοι, mimi, scurræ) see P. Gardner, _Greek Antiquities_, p. 835; [_cf._ Doran, _Court Fools_]. On the mediæval jester or fool see Wright, _op. cit._, chap. vii.; Lacroix, _Middle Ages_, p. 238 ff.; and Jusserand, _English Wayfaring Life_, p. 187. [282] P. Gardner, _Greek Antiquities_, p. 666. [283] Bergk, Griech. _Literaturgesch._, iv., pp. 9, 10. [284] See Wright, _op. cit._, chaps. xii. and xiv. [285] _Essay on Comedy_, pp. 24–5 (on Molière’s audience); pp. 8, 47 and following (on the recognition of woman). [286] Examples will be found in _Le Médecin malgré lui_, _L’Avare_ and others. A delightful introduction of the all-round beating of the circus is that of the Professors in _Le Bourgeois gentilhomme_. [287] M. Bergson, who gives a delightful account of these mechanical aids to the effect of comedy, seeks to connect them with his theory that the laughable consists in the substitution of the monotony of the machine for the variety of the organism (_op. cit._, p. 72 ff.). I suspect, however, that they owe much of the spell they cast over our laughing muscles to suggestions of child’s play. [288] Compare the breezy fun of the scene in _Le Tartuffe_, where the maid, Dorine, has to tackle in turn each of a pair of lovers urging the same grievances in almost the same words (Act II., Sc. iv.). [289] Moulton, _Ancient Class. Drama_, p. 344. [290] “In Aristophanes the very few maiden figures that appear are dumb” (Neil, _The Knights of Aristophanes_, Introduction, p. xiv.). [291] P. Gardner, _Greek Antiquities_, p. 353. [292] Mommsen, _History of Rome_, vol. iii., p. 144. [293] _Essay_, Bk. II., chap. xi. [294] _Spectator_, No. 62. [295] _English Comic Writers_, Lect. I., “Wit and Humour”. [296] _Spectator_, No. 6. [297] _Cf. supra_, pp. 112, 113. [298] _Spectator_, No. 47.