[323] See Mr. Traill’s criticism, _Sterne_, p. 156 ff. [324] _Wit and Humour_, p. 11. [325] See Canon Ainger’s Introduction to _The Essays of Elia_, p. 8. [326] _English Thought in the Eighteenth Century_, vol. ii., p. 110. [327] See my work on _Pessimism_, p. 428. [328] See Dugas, _op. cit._, pp. 109, 110. [329] See, for an excellent example of this retort, Dr. James Ward’s _Naturalism and Agnosticism_, vol. i., Part I. [330] M. Scherer may possibly mean something like this when he speaks of the humorist’s point of view as the justest from which a man’s world can be judged (_Essays on English Literature_, p. 148). [331] On the moral function of comedy see Bergson, _op. cit._, pp. 201, 202, and Dugas, _op. cit._, pp. 149–159. [332] The reference is to an article, “Ridicule and Truth” in the _Cornhill Magazine_, 1877, pp. 580–95. Lessing’s plea, in his _Hamburg. Dramaturgie_ (Stücke 28 and 29), on behalf of a corrective virtue in comedy owed something, I suspect, to the reading of Shaftesbury and the other English writers. [333] _Ethics_, Bk. x., 6. [334] _Sartor Resartus_, _loc. cit._ [335] _Letters_, vol. ii., p. 302. [336] See what Aristotle says about the witty (εὐτράπελοι, literally, the easy turning, nimble-minded), _Ethics_, Bk. iv., 8. [337] Mr. Radford, in an article on _Falstaff_, in Mr. Birrell’s _Obiter dicta_ (First Series). [338] _The Journal of Education_, Nov. 1901, p. 687. [339] Traill, _loc. cit._, p. 147. [340] Mr. Radford, _loc. cit._ {433} INDEX. Abstraction, in representation of character in comedy, 358, 359, 367. Absurd, the, as laughable, 110, 152, 216, 217, 239, 294. Addison, Jos., 30 _note_, 95, 304 _note_, 354, 355, 423. Affectation, in comedy, 351. “Agelasts,” 2, 425. Ainger, Alfred, 390 _note_. Allin, A. See Hall, G. S. Analogy of feeling, 191. Angas, G. F., 224, 228. Angell, J. R., 33 _note_, 36 _note_. Animals; ticklishness of, 57 162, 163, 177; laughter of, 156, 161, 170, 172, 177; tricks of, 157; sense of fun in, 158, 160; play of, 158 ff. Apes. See Animals. Apperception, 14, 59, 127, 130, 131, 135. Apprehension, dissolved, as cause of laughter. See Fear. Apuleius, 290. Arabian Nights, 264. Aristophanes, 282, 292, 348, 352, 357, 360, 371, 378. Aristotle, 120, 412, 413, 416, 417 _note_, 418, 420. Art, amusing function of, 343 (Chapter XI.); origin of, 344; scope for exhibition of laughable in, 345; humour in essays, etc., 390, 391 (see Fiction, Comedy). Artificial, comedy, 371; world of comedy, 373, 377. Assimilation in social evolution, 276, 286. Assimilative force of laughter, 272. Austen, Jane, 378. Bacon, Francis, on laughter, 22. Bain, Alexander, his theory of the ludicrous, 121–124, 140, 143; on cruelty of savage laughter, 232 _note_. Balzac, H. de, 379. {434} Barrie, J. M., 242. Barrow, Isaac, 419. — John, 236 _note_. Bashkirtseff, M., 321. Bates, H. W., 223. Beating, as comic incident, 348. Beddard, F. E., 171.