5thly. The whole Body of the learned Profession in the Law (Men who have acquired their Knowledge of the Constitution from Authors of a Cast very different from bawling, disappointed Patriots, or hungry Pamphleteers;--these Men, I say) in general agree, that each Member of the House of Commons, tho' elected by one particular County, City, or Borough, doth not represent that particular County, City, or Borough, in any _exclusive_ Sense; for he represents the whole Commons of the Realm, one Part, and one Individual as well as another. A Member chosen _by_ the County of _Middlesex_ is not chosen _for Middlesex_ exclusively, but for all the Subjects of the _British_ Empire; each of whom hath as constitutional a Right to his Services, and may be as much affected by his particular Conduct, and therefore has as much Right to _instruct_ him, as any Freeholder in the County of _Middlesex_: And he, on his Part, is bound by his Office to omit the _smaller_ Interest of the County of _Middlesex_, or of the _Middlesex Electors_, when standing in Competition with the _greater_ Interests of his Fellow Subjects in _America_, or other Places:--So that in short, tho' some few only, perhaps not a fortieth Part, of the Inhabitants of the whole Island, have legal Votes for Representatives, all in general, both within the Island, and without it, are _virtually_ represented. That this is Fact and Law, that this ever was the Constitution of the _British_ Empire, from the earliest Times down to the present Day, is such an apparent Truth, that it cannot be denied. Therefore in this Sense it is true, and in _no other_, that every Member of the common Wealth is supposed to give his previous Consent to the making of those Laws, which he is afterwards bound to obey, and to the imposing of those Taxes which he is obliged to pay. Indeed upon this Footing (viz. of virtual Representation in some Cases, and of actual Election in others) a free and well-poised Government can stand, and be supported; but it can be supported on no other:--Nay, the Government of the _Massachusets-Bay_ itself, whenever this Colony shall become independent of the Mother-Country, must then, as well as now, be supported on this very Principle; that is to say, on the very Principle against which they so loudly clamour. And besides all this, the very same Reasons, which induce the non-represented Subjects in _England_ to submit quietly and peaceably to the Payment of those Taxes, to which they have not given their Consent by actual Representation, ought to induce the _Americans_ to acquiesce also; because, if the _American_ Trade is so valuable, as reported, a _British_ Parliament cannot injure this Trade by any Mode of Taxation, without injuring the Merchants, the Manufacturers, and the Traders in general of _Great-Britain_; and thereby sinking the Profits of their own Estates, and the Rents of their own Lands and Houses.