EXTERNAL causes of decline, cannot be prevented altogether by internal arrangements, but their effect greatly diminished, 173.--More simple than the internal causes, 175.--Envy and enmity, ib.--Opinion of Mr. Burke, 176, 177, 178.--Causes arising from poor nations having the advantage over rich in all dealings, 179.--High value of money in poorer nations, 182.--Conclusion of exterior causes, 184 to 187. F. FALL. See Decline. FINANCES. See Revenue. FINE arts do not flourish in a very wealthy country, 113.--Very different as to their improvement, from the mechanic arts. FLANDERS enriched by manufactures, 3, 46.--The discovery of a bettar =sic= method of curing herrings by the Dutch is hurtful to it, 47. FLORENCE served as a refuge for the nobles of Rome, when the city was taken by the Goths, 44. FOOD. See Animal Food and Corn. FORCE, human, the superiority it gave nearly done away by the invention of gun-powder, 4. FORESTALLING. See MONOPOLY. FRANCE has, since the revolution, invented new modes of fighting, 31.--Does not resemble Rome, 38.--Its assignats the principal cause of the nature of the revolution, 48.--Its monied capital was sent away when the revolution broke out,163.--Its burthens before the revolution, 169.--It expended great sums in the last war, 189.--It, before the revolution, gained more by the west-India trade than any other nation, 193.--Have now nearly lost it, ib.--Its capital greatly diminished, ib.--Will probably never possess great West-India trade again, 195.--Will never cease to be an enemy to England, 196. FREED men. FREE revenue. See Revenue. FUND, public. See National Debt. FUND, sinking. See National Debt. G. GAMING, though attended with painful sensations, is oftener followed from propensity, as a mode of occupying the mind and interesting it, than from a love of gain, 83. [end of page #297] GENTLEMEN resemble each other pretty nearly in all countries, 218. GEOGRAPHICAL discovery so far as connected with the rise and fall of nations nearly at an end, 12. GENOA, why put with Venice in the chart of commercial history, 56.-- Its greatness, ib.--Loses its superiority, 57.--Its power in the Black- Sea, ib. GOLD. See Money. GOLDEN Age. See Age. GOVERNMENTS ought to aid in the education of the lower and middling classes, 94, 95.--Neglect education in the useful arts, 98.-- Should counteract the internal causes of decline, 172, 173, 187.-- Government of Great Britain should take care of education, 225. GRAIN. See Corn. GREEKS, their education peculiar to themselves, 25.--Studied Egyptian learning, 98, 99. GUN-POWDER changed the art of war, 4. H. HANS Towns rose first to wealth in the north of Europe, 3.--Became formidable towards the end twelfth century, 45.--Arose from the circumstances of the times and necessity.--Became conquerors, 48.-- Began to decline through pride and luxury, 49.