An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy (Vol. 1 of 2): Being an essay on the science of domestic policy in free nations. In which are particularly considered population, agriculture, trade, industry, money, coin, interest, circulation, banks, exchange, public credit, and taxesSteuart, James, Sir
History
An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy (Vol. 1 of 2): Being an essay on the science of domestic policy in free nations. In which are particularly considered population, agriculture, trade, industry, money, coin, interest, circulation, banks, exchange, public credit, and taxes
Steuart, James, Sir
Economics
The youth were continually striving together in all military exercises;
such as boxing and wrestling. To keep up, therefore, a spirit of
emulation, and to banish animosity at the same time, sharp, satirical
expressions were much encouraged; but these were always to be seasoned
with something gracious or polite. The grave demeanour likewise, and
down-cast look which they were ordered to observe in the streets, and
the injunction of keeping their hands within their robes, might very
naturally be calculated to prevent quarrels, and especially blows, at
times when the authority of a public assembly could not moderate the
vivacity of their passions. By these arts, the Spartans lived in great
harmony in the midst of a continual war.
Under such regulations a people must enjoy security from foreign
attacks; and certainly the intention of the legislator never was to
extend the limits of Laconia by conquest. What people could ever think
of attacking the Lacedemonians, where nothing but blows could be
expected?
They enjoyed ease in the most supreme degree; they were abundantly
provided with every necessary of life; although, I confess, the
enjoyment of them in so austere a manner, would not be relished by any
modern society. But habit is all in things of this kind. A course meal
to a good stomach, has more relish than all the delicacies of the most
exquisite preparation to a depraved appetite; and if sensuality be
reckoned among the pleasures of life, enough of it might have been met
with in the manners of that people. It does not belong to my subject to
enter into particular details on this head. But the most rational
pleasure among men, the delightful communication of society, was here
enjoyed to the utmost extent. The whole republic was continually
gathered together in bodies, and their studies, their occupations, and
their amusements, were the same. One taste was universal; and the young
and the old being constantly together, the first under the immediate
inspection and authority of the latter, the same sentiments were
transmitted from generation to generation. The Spartans were so pleased,
and so satisfied with their situation, that they despised the manners of
every other nation. If this does not transmit an idea of happiness, I am
at a loss to form one. Security, ease, and happiness, therefore, are not
inseparable concomitants of trade and industry.
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