An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy (Vol. 2 of 2): Being an essay on the science of domestic policy in free nations. In which are particularly considered population, agriculture, trade, industry, money, coin, interest, circulation, banks, exchange, public credit, and taxesSteuart, James, Sir
General
An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Oeconomy (Vol. 2 of 2): Being an essay on the science of domestic policy in free nations. In which are particularly considered population, agriculture, trade, industry, money, coin, interest, circulation, banks, exchange, public credit, and taxes
Steuart, James, Sir
Economics
Besides, at the period when the number of actions was carried to the
utmost, viz. to 624,000, the bank notes bore no proportion to their
value; for, on the 4th of October 1719, when the last creation of
actions was made, the bank notes did not exceed the sum above specified,
to wit, 520 millions.
But in tracing the progress of the system upon the table, we perceive,
that after the actions were once carried to their full number, (October
4th, 1719) then the coining of bank notes began at a most prodigious
rate; in so much, that by the month of May 1720, they were increased
from 520 millions, to above 2696 millions; and all this sum, except 461
millions, were found in circulation.
Farther: We shall see, that when the Regent and the company made out
their accompts, there were found in the Regent’s hands no less than
400,000 actions, which were burnt; and 25 millions of interest upon the
sum of money due by the King to the company, extinguished.
These facts prove beyond a doubt, that these 400,000 actions had been
bought with the notes coined posterior to the 4th of October 1719;
otherwise the actions could not have become the property of the state.
Besides, it was acknowleged publicly, that the notes were coined for
that purpose. (See Dutot, Vol. I. p. 144.) In the next place, it is
evident, that the notes which had been given in payment for those
actions, had been borrowed back, to fill up the loan of 1600 millions of
livres; which the company never could have otherwise lent to the King.
And in the last place, it is certain that the public debts were paid off
with these notes, so borrowed back from the company: because we shall
find the notes in circulation at the blowing up of the system, in May
1720; and we shall see how they were paid and withdrawn in October
following.
This detail I own is a little long, and perhaps too minute: but I
thought it necessary to prove the solidity of my conjectures concerning
the Regent’s motives in concerting this plan; which no French author,
that ever I saw, has pretended to unfold, except by hints too dark to be
easily comprehended.
What is now to follow, will still set my conjectures in a fairer light.
We have seen already from the table, with what rapidity the creation of
actions went on from the 13th of September to the 4th of October 1719.
No less than 324,000 were created in that interval.
Yet Dutot, vol. ii. p. 169, _et seq._ positively says, that on the 4th
of October, the company had not sold for more than 182,500,000 livres of
their actions. Now the total value, as they were rated when created,
extended to 1,797,500,000; so there was little more than one tenth part
of the value sold off.
Why therefore create such immense quantities of actions, and so far
beyond the demand for them, but to throw dust in the eyes of the public;
to keep up the spirit of infatuation; and to pave the way for the final
execution of the plan?
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