The _Titre_ or title, as the French call it, or the standard of their silver coin, is 11 parts fine to 1 part alloy. At this rate we shall find in this _Marc_ of coin, consisting of 4572 grains standard silver, 4191 grains of fine silver, and 381 grains of alloy. [Sidenote: Remedy of alloy what.] But the workmen have also an allowance of 3 grains upon the fineness, which introduces a new equation. The mass of silver in the French mint (when we speak of the fineness) is supposed to be divided into 12 deniers, and every denier into 24 grains; which, in this acceptation, are both denominations of proportion, not of weight. Any mass of silver, therefore, of whatever weight, must be supposed to contain 12 × 24 = 288 grains of proportion; consequently, were the standard exactly 11 deniers fine, the proportion would be marked thus, 264 grains fine, to 24 alloy; but since there is an allowance of 3 grains of proportion, called _le remede d’alloy_, this brings the proportion to be as 261 is to 27. This is the exact standard of French silver coin, and answers to 10 deniers and 21 grains fine, which is the term used in the mint. To find, therefore, the number of grains of fine silver in a marc of the French silver coin, we must state this proportion, 288 : 261 :: 4572 : 4143.38. [Sidenote: Quantity of fine silver in a marc, as delivered at the mint.] The marc, therefore, of coined silver, after all deductions for alloy, and for _remede de poids_, contains of fine silver 4143.38 grains _poids de marc_. [Sidenote: Into what coined.] This _marc_ is coined into 8 great crowns and 3⁄10 of a crown, value in the coin 49 livres, 16 sols. If therefore 4143.38 grains of fine silver, be worth 49 livres 16 sols, 4608 grains (or a marc of fine silver) will be worth 55 livres 6 sols 9 deniers. [Sidenote: Mint price of a marc of fine silver.] But the mint price of fine silver is 51 livres 3 sols 3 deniers. The difference, therefore, between the mint price of fine silver, and the price of it in the coin, will shew exactly the expence of coinage; consequently there is withheld for the expence of coinage and duty of seignorage (all which deductions and impositions are called _le trait des monnoyes_) 4 livres 3 sols 6 deniers upon every marc of fine silver. To know how much this makes _per cent._ state it thus, 51.162 : 55.38 :: 100 : 108.2. [Sidenote: The price of coinage 8⅕ per cent. upon silver.] So that in France there is 8.2 _per cent._ deducted upon the coinage of silver, as has been said. Let us next examine the regulations as to the gold. [Sidenote: Remedy of weight upon gold.] The marc, as above, is the unit of weight for the gold, and contains, as has been said, 4608 grains, of which 15 grains are allowed to the workmen for the _Remede de poids_: remains of standard gold in the marc 4593 grains. [Sidenote: The fineness of standard gold.]