To give some examples of this method of calculating the exact par of the metals contained in the coin of those nations, reduced to the weights of Holland, I shall state the following computations. A pound sterling in silver, by the statute of the 43d of Elizabeth, is 1718.7 grains troy fine; to know how many aces Holland-troes that makes, state thus, 3840 : 5192.8 :: 1718.7 : 2324.1. Divide 2324.1 by 200.21, (the number of aces contained in a silver florin) you have for the par of the pound sterling, _f._ 11.609. [Sidenote: Par of the pound sterling in gold with ditto, is 11 florins 3 stivers and ⅕.] A pound sterling in guineas, by the statute fixing guineas at 21 shillings, contains 113 grains troy fine; to know how many aces Holland-troes that makes, state thus, 3840 : 5192.8 :: 113 : 152.8. Divide 152.8 by 13.69, (the number of aces contained in a gold florin in riders) you have for the par of the pound sterling in guineas, _f._ 11.161. [Sidenote: Par of a French louis d’or with the same florin, is 11 florins 3 stivers and ¾.] A French louis d’or contains 137.94 grains poid de marc fine gold; to know how many aces Hollands that makes, state thus, 4676.35 : 5192.8 :: 137.94 : 153.17. Divide 153.17 by 13.69, (the number of aces contained in a gold florin in riders) you have for the par of the louis d’or, _f._ 11.188. [Sidenote: Par of 24 livres French in silver with the same florin, is 11 florins 1½ stiver.] 24 livres French, contain 1996.88 grains poids de marc of fine silver; to know how many aces Hollands that makes, state thus, 4676.35 : 5192.8 :: 1996.88 : 2217.4. Divide 2217.4 by 200.21, (the number of aces in a silver florin) and you have for the par of 24 livres French silver, _f._ 11.076. [Sidenote: Great balance of trade against France, in September 1761.] The French silver here is less valuable in Holland than the gold: this is no proof that the proportion between the metals in the respective coins of these two nations is different (we shall soon find it to be very exactly the same); but this preference in favour of the French gold, is owing to the temporary demand for gold on account of the war; for which reason no French silver coin appears at present in Holland. I write in September 1761. I must also observe, that at this time the course of louis d’ors is 11_f._ 4_st._ which is little or nothing above the real par of the metal they contain; which in peaceable times is not the case. This proves how strongly the balance of trade is against France with respect to Holland, as it has reduced her specie to the price of bullion: it is not so in Germany. [Sidenote: Low value of the pound sterling in Holland, in 1761.]