14. Point out the most remarkable differences between the nutrition of a green plant and that of an animal. (1897) 15. Name organisms which can derive nourishment from carbon dioxide, from sugar, and from the dead bodies of animals. (1898) 16. What are the simplest functions which distinguish living animal matter from inanimate matter? (King’s Schol. 1903) 17. Explain as fully as you can how food taken into the stomach acts upon organs, such as the brain, which are not closely connected with the stomach. (1904) 18. The uses of bone are, generally speaking, to protect delicate structures, to support weight and to gain leverage. Illustrate this statement by a simple description of one example of each type. (Certificate, 1904) 19. The flow of liquids through the body is regulated in certain localities by valves. Explain the action of a valve, and indicate where they are to be found in the body. (Certificate, 1904) 20. In which kind of blood-vessel can the pulse be felt? In which kinds can it not be felt? Explain the reason of the difference. (Certificate, 1905) 21. How is oxygen conveyed from the lungs to the various parts of the body? Describe what could be observed if a drop of blood were spread out on a piece of glass and examined under a microscope. (King’s Schol. 1905) [Pg 246] CHAPTER XIV. SOME OTHER MAMMALS. 48. THE CAT AND DOG. 1. The external characters of the cat.—Carefully and gently examine a cat, and make notes of the following characters: (a) Hair.—What is the covering of the body like? Is the hair like that of a rabbit, i.e. fur (p. 216)? Are the whiskers very noticeable? On what parts of the head do they grow? Are the fur and large whiskers in any way connected with the animal’s habits? (b) Eyes.—Look at a cat’s eyes in a bright light. Is the pupil (p. 212) round or slit-like? Keep the cat in the dark for a few minutes and then look again at the pupil of the eye; has it changed in form? Is the change of any advantage to the cat? (c) Teeth.—Gently open the cat’s mouth and examine the teeth. Notice the sharp, pointed teeth behind the incisors (p. 219); they are called the canine teeth. Has a rabbit any canine teeth? Why does a cat, and not a rabbit, need such teeth? Feel the remaining teeth with your finger; are they flat like those of a rabbit, or sharp-edged? How are the characters of the teeth associated with the kind of food? Watch a cat eating; does it chew its food or swallow it “in lumps”? (d) Tongue.—Pass your finger-end over the cat’s tongue; is it rough or smooth? In which direction of motion of the finger does the tongue feel roughest? Would the roughness be of any help to the animal in licking meat from bones?