Madagascar clearly belongs to this region. Besides some Gobies and _Dules_, which are not true freshwater fishes, four _Chromides_ are known. To judge from general accounts, its Freshwater fauna is poorer than might be expected; but, singular as it may appear, collectors have hitherto paid but little attention to the Freshwater fishes of this island. The fishes found in the freshwaters of the Seychelles and Mascarenes are brackish-water fishes, such as _Fundulus_, _Haplochilus_, _Elops_, _Mugil_, etc. The following is the list of the forms of Freshwater fishes inhabiting this region:-- Dipnoi [Australia, Neotrop.]-- _Lepidosiren annectens_ 1 species. _Polypteridæ_ 2 „ Percina (Cosmopol.)-- Lates [India, Australia] 1 „ Labyrinthici [India] 5 „ Ophiocephalidæ [India] 1 „ Mastacembelidæ [India] 3 „ Chromides [South America]-- _Chromis_ 23 „ _Hemichromis_ 5 „ _Paretroplus_ 1 „ Siluridæ-- Clariina [India] 14 „ Silurina [India, Palæarct.] 11 „ Bagrina [India] 10 „ Pimelodina [South America] 2 „ Ariina[23] [India, Australia, S. Amer., Patagonia] 4 „ Doradina [South America]-- _Synodontis_ 15 „ Rhinoglanina [India] 2 „ _Malapterurina_ 3 „ Characinidæ [South America]-- _Citharinina_ 2 „ _Nannocharacina_ 2 „ Tetragonopterina-- _Alestes_ 14 „ Crenuchina-- _Xenocharax_ 1 „ Hydrocyonina-- _Hydrocyon_ 4 „ _Distichodontina_ 10 „ _Ichthyborina_ 2 „ _Mormyridæ_ (_Gymnarchidæ_) 51 „ Cyprinodontidæ-- Carnivoræ [Palæarct., India, S. America-- Haplochilus [India, South America] 7 „ Fundulus [Palæarct., Nearct.] 1 „