An introduction to the study of fishesGünther, Albert C. L. G. (Albert Carl Ludwig Gotthilf)
Science
An introduction to the study of fishes
Günther, Albert C. L. G. (Albert Carl Ludwig Gotthilf)
Fishes; Ichthyology
Besides the few Arctic Chondropterygians, all of which extend into this
district, the small shore Dog-fishes are well represented (_Mustelus_,
_Galeus_, _Scyllium_, _Pristiurus_); the ubiquitous Rhina or Monk-fish
is common; of Rays, _Raja_ predominates in a variety of species over
_Torpedo_ and _Trygon_, which are still scarce.
Of Acanthopterygians, _Centridermichthys_, _Icelus_, _Triglops_, and
_Aspidophoroides_, do not extend from the north into this district; and
_Cottus_, _Anarrhichas_, _Centronotus_, _Stichæus_, the _Discoboli_
disappear within its limits. Nearly all the remainder are genera which
are also found in the Mediterranean districts. The following are the
principal forms, and known to propagate on these shores: _Labrax_;
_Serranus_, _Polyprion_, _Dentex_; _Mullus_; _Cantharus_, _Pagrus_,
_Pagellus_; _Sebastes_; _Cottus_, _Trigla_, _Agonus_; _Trachinus_;
_Sciæna_ (?); _Zeus_; _Trachurus_, _Capros_; _Callionymus_;
_Discoboli_; _Lophius_; _Anarrhichas_, _Centronotus_, _Stich__æus_;
_Blenniops_, _Zoarces_ (not in Mediterranean); _Cepola_; _Lepadogaster_.
Of the Anacanthini the Gadoids are as numerous as in the Arctic
Ocean, most being common to both districts; they are represented by
_Gadus_, _Gadiculus_, _Merluccius_, _Phycis_, _Molva_, _Motella_,
_Raniceps_, and _Brosmius_; but, whilst the majority show their
northern origin by not extending into the Mediterranean, _Ammodytes_
and most _Pleuronectidæ_ prove themselves to be the more southern
representatives of this order. In the British district we find
_Hippoglossus_, _Hippoglossoides_, _Rhombus_, _Phrynorhombus_,
_Pleuronectes_, _Solea_, and only the two first are not met with in the
Mediterranean.
Labroids are common; with the exception of the North American
_Tautoga_, all the other genera are met with.
Physostomes are not well represented, viz. by one species of _Osmerus_,
one of _Engraulis_, one of _Conger_, and about five of _Clupea_.
_Syngnathus_ and _Nerophis_ become more common as we proceed
southwards; but the existence of Scleroderms and Plectognaths is
indicated by single individuals only, stragglers from their southern
home, and unable to establish themselves in a climate ungenial to them.
The Gadoids are accompanied by _Myxine_; and _Branchiostoma_ may be
found in all suitable localities.
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