SYNAGRIS.--Body rather elongate, covered with ciliated scales of moderate size. Cleft of the mouth horizontal, with the jaws equal in length anteriorly. One continuous dorsal, with feeble spines; dorsal 10/9, anal 3/7. Caudal deeply forked. Teeth villiform, with canines at least in the upper jaw. Infraorbital not armed; præoperculum without, or with a very indistinct serrature. Cheek with three series of scales. Branchiostegals six. Marine fishes of small size; about twenty species are known from the tropical parts of the Indo-Pacific. _Pentapus_, _Chætopterus_, and _Aphareus_ are allied genera from the same area. MAENA.--Body oblong, compressed, covered with ciliated scales of moderate size. Mouth very protractile, the intermaxillary pedicles extending backwards to the occiput. Teeth villiform; minute teeth on the vomer. One dorsal, scaleless, with feeble spines. D. 11/11, A. 3/9. Caudal fin forked. Præoperculum without serrature. Branchiostegals six. Small fishes from the Mediterranean, known to the ancients; valueless as food. Three species. SMARIS.--Body oblong or cylindrical, covered with rather small ciliated scales. Mouth very protractile, the intermaxillary pedicles extending backwards to the occiput. Teeth villiform. Palate toothless. One dorsal, scaleless, with eleven or more very feeble spines; anal with three. Caudal fin forked. Præoperculum without serrature. Branchiostegals six. Small fishes from the Mediterranean. Six species. CÆSIO.--Body oblong, covered with ciliated scales of moderate size. Cleft of the mouth more or less oblique, with the jaws equal in length anteriorly, or with the lower somewhat projecting. Teeth villiform; palate generally toothless. One dorsal, with from nine to thirteen very feeble spines, with the anterior part highest, and the posterior covered with minute scales. Caudal fin deeply forked. Præoperculum without, or with minute, serrature. Small fishes from the Indo-Pacific. Twelve species. ERYTHRICHTHYS.--Body elongate, covered with small ciliated scales. Mouth very protractile, the pedicles of the intermaxillary extending to the occiput. Dentition quite rudimentary or entirely absent Two dorsal fins connected by a series of very feeble spines; also the anterior spines are feeble. Præoperculum not serrated. [Illustration: Fig. 161.--Erythrichthys nitidus.] [Illustration: Fig. 162.--Enlarged scale.] [Illustration: Fig. 163.--Protractile mouth.] Small fishes from various tropical and temperate seas. Four species: the species figured occurs, but is not common, on the coasts of Western Austria, Tasmania, and New Zealand.