Some twenty species are known from tropical seas and the warmer parts of the temperate zones. Generally known is _Ch. aurata_, from the Mediterranean, occasionally found on the south coast of England, where it is named “Gilthead.” The French call it “Daurade,” no doubt from the Latin _Aurata_, a term applied to it by ancient authors. The Greeks named it Chrysophrys (_i.e._ golden eyebrow), in allusion to the brilliant spot of gold which it bears between its eyes. According to Columella, the Aurata was among the number of the fishes brought up by the Romans in their vivaria; and the inventor of those vivaria, one Sergius Orata, is supposed to have derived his surname from this fish. It is said to grow extremely fat in artificial ponds. Duhamel states that it stirs up the sand with the tail, so as to discover the shell-fish concealed in it. It is extremely fond of mussels, and its near presence is sometimes ascertained by the noise which it makes while breaking their shells with its teeth. Several species found on the Cape of Good Hope attain to as large a size as _Pagellus lithognathus_, and are preserved for sale like that species. _Chrysophrys hasta_ is one of the most common species of the East Indian and Chinese coasts, and enters large rivers. _Fifth Group--Pimelepterina._--In both jaws a single anterior series of cutting teeth, implanted by a horizontal posterior process, behind which is a band of villiform teeth. Villiform teeth on the vomer, palatines and the tongue. Vertical fins densely covered with minute scales. Only one genus is known, _Pimelepterus_, with six species from tropical seas. These fishes are sometimes found at a great distance from the land. FIFTH FAMILY--HOPLOGNATHIDÆ. _Body compressed and elevated, covered with very small ctenoid scales. Lateral line continuous. The bones of the jaws have a sharp dentigerous edge, as in Scarus. The teeth, if at all conspicuous, being continuous with the bone, forming a more or less indistinct serrature; no teeth on the palate. The spinous portion of the dorsal fin is rather more developed than the soft; the spines strong; anal with three spines, similar to the soft dorsal. Ventrals thoracic, with one spine and five soft rays._ One genus only is known, _Hoplognathus_, with four species from Australian, Japanese, and Peruvian coasts. [Illustration: Fig. 176.--Teeth of Hoplognathus.] SIXTH FAMILY--CIRRHITIDÆ.