Fam. 12. =Hyænodontidæ=—Hyænodon. 13. =Proviverridæ=—Proviverra. 14. =Arctocyonidæ=—Arctocyon. 15. =Mesonychidæ=—Mesonyx. Order ix. INSECTIVORA—Insectivores. Suborder 1. INSECTIVORA VERA. Fam. 1. _Tupaiidæ_—Tupaias. 2. _Macroscelididæ_—Elephant-Shrews. 3. _Erinaceidæ_—Hedgehogs. 4. _Soricidæ_—Shrews. 5. _Talpidæ_—Moles. 6. _Potamogalidæ_—Potamogale. 7. _Solenodontidæ_—Solenodon. 8. _Centetidæ_—Centetes. 9. _Chrysochloridæ_—Golden Moles. Suborder 2. DERMOPTERA. Fam. 10. _Galeopithecidæ_—Galeopithecus. Order x. CHIROPTERA—Bats. Suborder 1. MEGACHIROPTERA—Frugivorous Bats. Fam. 1. _Pteropodidæ_—Flying Foxes. Suborder 2. MICROCHIROPTERA—Insectivorous Bats. Fam. 2. _Vespertilionidæ_—Common Bats. 3. _Nycteridæ_—Nycteris. 4. _Rhinolophidæ_—Leaf-nosed Bats. 5. _Emballonuridæ_—Emballonura. 6. _Phyllostomatidæ_—Vampyres. Order xi. PRIMATES. Suborder 1. LEMUROIDEA—Lemuroids. Fam. 1. =Hyopsodontidæ=—Hyopsodus. 2. _Chiromyidæ_—Aye-Aye. 3. _Tarsiidæ_—Tarsier. 4. _Lemuridæ_—Lemurs. Suborder 2. ANTHROPOIDEA—Anthropoids. Fam. 5. _Hapalidæ_—Marmosets. 6. _Cebidæ_—American Monkeys. 7. _Cercopithecidæ_—Old World Monkeys. 8. _Simiidæ_—Gibbons and Man-like Apes. 9. _Hominidæ_—Man. The distinctive character of these subclasses and orders, with an account of their subdivisions and the principal forms contained in each, will be given in subsequent chapters. CHAPTER IV GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION I. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.[26] In considering the present distribution of mammals over the globe, we may, in the first place, direct our attention to terrestrial or land types, reserving the consideration of aerial types, like the Bats, and aquatic forms, as exemplified by the Cetaceans, Sirenians, and Seals, to separate sections.