An introduction to the study of mammals living and extinctLydekker, Richard
Science
An introduction to the study of mammals living and extinct
Lydekker, Richard
Mammals
A common form in the Purbeck of Dorsetshire is _Triconodon_
(_Triacanthodon_), in which the formula of the lower teeth is _i_ 3,
_c_ 1, _p_ 4, _m_ 3-4. A lower jaw is shown in Fig. 28, and an enlarged
view of a molar tooth in Fig. 4 (5). The molar teeth consist of three
flattened cones placed in the same antero-posterior line, those of
the upper and lower jaw being alike. _Priacodon_, of the Jurassic of
the United States, is probably inseparable from _Triconodon_. In the
genus _Phascolotherium_ (Fig. 29) of the Lower Jurassic Stonesfield
Slate, the lower teeth may be classified as _i_ 4, _c_ 1, _p_ 3, _m_
4, the premolars and molars being much alike. The molars approximate
to the type of those of _Triconodon_, but the anterior and posterior
cones are relatively smaller. Like that of the last-named genus, the
mandible of _Phascolotherium_ is remarkable for the extremely low
position of its articular condyle. In _Amphilestes_ (Fig. 30) of the
Stonesfield Slate the molars appear to be of the same general type as
those of _Phascolotherium_, but are more numerous, although their exact
number cannot be determined. A somewhat different type of lower molar
is displayed by the genus _Amblotherium_, of the Dorsetshire Purbeck,
to which _Amphitherium_ of the Stonesfield Slate was probably allied.
This type of tooth is shown in Fig. 4 (8, 9, 12) p. 31, and, as there
stated, represents that modification of the tritubercular type known
as the tubercular sectorial. The three primitive tritubercular cusps
form what is known as the blade of the tooth, behind which there is
the talon or hypocone. A similar form of molar occurs in the existing
Opossums and Bandicoots. The number of lower teeth in _Amblotherium_ is
_i_ 4, _c_ 1, _p_ 4, _m_ 7-8. Numerous allied types, such as _Achyrodon_
and _Dryolestes_ occur in the Upper Jurassic of Europe or the United
States, while from only one side of the jaw being exposed in each case
so-called genera like _Stylodon_ and _Stylacodon_ have been formed upon
specimens showing the opposite side to that which is exposed in the
types of _Amblotherium_ and _Amphitherium_. The only parallel among
existing forms to the excessive number of molar teeth found in these
Mesozoic genera occurs in the Marsupial genus _Myrmecobius_, of which a
description is given in a succeeding chapter. Jaws more or less closely
resembling those described under the names mentioned above are also found
in the uppermost Cretaceous of the United States. A feature common to
these Mesozoic mammals and _Myrmecobius_ and some other existing forms
is the presence of a narrow channel on the inner side of the mandibular
ramus known as the mylohyoid groove (Fig. 29).
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