_Cycloturus._[102]—The skull is much shorter even than in _Tamandua_, and is arched considerably in the longitudinal direction. It differs from that of the other members of the family mainly in the long canal for the posterior nares not being closed by bone below, as the greater part of the palatines and the pterygoids do not meet in the middle line. The mandible has a prominent, narrow, recurved coronoid, and a well-developed angular process; it is strongly decurved in front. Vertebræ: C 7, D 16, L 2, S 4, C 40. Ribs remarkably broad and flat. Clavicles well developed. Manus remarkably modified, the third digit being greatly developed at the expense of all the others, and having a stout short metacarpal and but two phalanges, of which the most distal is large, compressed, pointed, and much curved, and bears a very strong hook-like claw. The second digit has the same number of phalanges, and bears a claw, but is very much more slender than the third. The fourth is represented only by the metacarpal and one nailless phalanx, the first and fifth only by very rudimentary metacarpals. The pes is also completely modified into a climbing organ. The hallux is rudimentary, consisting of a metatarsal and one phalanx, concealed beneath the skin; but the other four toes are subequal and much curved, with long pointed compressed claws. The tuber calcanei is directed towards the plantar surface, and parallel with it and extending to about double its length is a greatly elongated sesamoid ossicle. These together support a prominent calcarine cushion, to which the nails are opposed in climbing. Stomach pyriform, with muscular walls, but no distinct gizzard-like portion, as in the foregoing genera. Commencement of the colon provided with two small cæca (Fig. 66), resembling those of many birds, narrow at the base, and rather dilated at their terminal blind ends, and communicating with the general cavity by very minute apertures. Tail longer than the body, tapering, bare on the under surface, and very prehensile. Fur soft and silky. This genus has also but one species certainly known, the Little or Two-toed Anteater (_C. didactylus_), an animal not larger than a Rat, of a general yellowish-colour, and exclusively arboreal in its habits. It is a native of the hottest parts of South and Central America. _Family_ DASYPODIDÆ.