good eating, and is in great request among the natives.” The Indian species is said to live in pairs, and to give birth to one or two young at a time in the spring. Their burrow reaches a depth of some twelve feet, and terminates in a large chamber, which may be as much as six feet in diameter. A faint hiss appears to be the only sound emitted by these animals. Remains of a large species of _Manis_, which are indistinguishable from the corresponding bones of the existing West African _M. gigantea_, are found fossil in cave-deposits in the Karnul district of Madras. This is one among several instances of the close connection between the Pleistocene and Pliocene mammalian fauna of India with the existing African fauna. _Palæomanis._[113]—The lower Pliocene deposits of the Isle of Samos, in the Turkish Archipelago, have yielded remains of a Pangolin fully three times the dimensions of _M. gigantea_, upon the evidence of which the genus _Palæomanis_ has been established. _Family_ ORYCTEROPODIDÆ External surface scantily covered with bristle-like hairs. Teeth numerous, apparently heterodont, diphyodont, and of peculiar and complex structure, being traversed by a number of parallel vertical pulp-canals. Lumbar vertebræ with no accessory zygapophyses. Femur with a third trochanter. Fore feet without pollex, but all the other digits well developed, with strong moderate-sized nails, suited to digging, the plantar surfaces of which rest on the ground in walking. Hind feet with five subequal toes. Mouth elongated and tubular. Tongue subvermiform. Uterus bicornuate. Placenta broadly zonular. Feeding on animal substances. Terrestrial and fossorial in habits. Now mainly limited to the Ethiopian region.