of water the Manatee is an extremely helpless animal; and, although statements are frequently met with in books of its voluntarily leaving the water for the purpose of basking or feeding on shore, all trustworthy observations of those acquainted with it, either in a state of nature or in captivity, indicate that it has not the power of doing so. None of the specimens in confinement have been observed to emit any sound. [Illustration: FIG. 73.—Front view of head of American Manatee, showing the eyes, nostrils, and mouth. A, With the lobes of the upper lip divaricated; B, with the lip contracted. From Murie, _Trans. Zool. Soc._ vol. xi.] Manatees, though much less numerous than formerly, are still occasionally found in creeks, lagoons, and estuaries in some of the West India Islands, and at various spots on the Atlantic coast of America from Florida as far south as about 20° S. lat., and in the great rivers of Brazil, almost as high as their sources. They are also met with in similar situations on the opposite African coast, from about 16° N. to 10° S. lat., and as far into the interior as Lake Tchad. Their range may even extend, if native reports obtained by Schweinfurth are correctly interpreted, to the river Keebaly, 27° E. long. A considerable number of specific names have been applied to the existing Manatees, but according to the researches of Dr. Hartlaub[117] they may be reduced to three species, distinguished from one another, among other features, by the characters of the skull, and more especially the relations of the nasals to the adjacent bones. Of these the American Manatee may be known as _M. americanus_, although it has been described under the names of _M. latirostris_, and _M. australis_. The African Manatee (_M. senegalensis_) differs from the American species in the following cranial characters: the anterior part of the rostrum is shorter, shallower, and altogether smaller; the orbit is smaller; the zygomatic process is more deep and massive; the jugal bone is deeper from above downwards; the upper margin of the anterior nares is narrower and with a smooth and rounded, instead of a thin and serrated, edge; the upper surface of the frontal is flat, instead of concave; the foramen magnum and occipital condyles are narrower from side to side, and the symphysis of the mandible is smaller and shallower. Finally, _M. inunguis_ is a fluviatile species confined to the Amazon and Orinoco, which has been but recently fully brought under the notice of zoologists. _Family_ HALICORIDÆ.