================================================================ | |_Affirmative Doctrines_|_Negative Doctrines_| | | _of the State_ | _of the State_ | |=================+======================+=====================| | | Hobbes | Godwin | | In the sense of | Hegel | Proudhon | | jurisprudential | Jhering | Stirner | | dogmatism | | Tucker | +-----------------+----------------------+---------------------+ | In the sense of | Montaigne | Bakunin | | jurisprudential | Bernstein | Kropotkin | | skepticism | | | +-----------------+----------------------+---------------------+ | In the sense of | | | | jurisprudential | Spencer | Tolstoi | | criticism | | | First, as to basis, _genetic Anarchism_, which recognizes as supreme law of human procedure only a law of nature (Bakunin, Kropotkin), and _critical Anarchism_, which regards a norm as supreme law of human procedure; as subspecies of critical Anarchism, _idealistic Anarchism_, whose supreme law is a duty (Proudhon, Tolstoi), and _eudemonistic Anarchism_, whose supreme law is happiness; and, finally, as subspecies of eudemonistic Anarchism, _altruistic Anarchism_, for which the supreme law is the general happiness (Godwin), and _egoistic Anarchism_, for which the supreme law is the individual's happiness (Stirner, Tucker). Second, as to the condition affirmed in contrast to the State, there may be distinguished _federalistic Anarchism_, which affirms for our future a social human life according to the legal norm that contracts must be lived up to (Proudhon, Bakunin, Kropotkin, Tucker), and _spontanistic Anarchism_, which affirms for our future a social life according to a non-juridical governing principle (Godwin, Stirner, Tolstoi). Third, as to the conception of the transition to the affirmed condition, there may be distinguished _reformatory Anarchism_, which conceives the transition from the State to the condition affirmed in contrast thereto as taking place without breach of law (Godwin, Proudhon), and _revolutionary Anarchism_, which conceives this transition as a breach of law; as subspecies of revolutionary Anarchism, _renitent Anarchism_, which conceives the breach of law as without the use of violence (Tucker, Tolstoi), and _insurgent Anarchism_, which conceives it as attended by the use of violence (Stirner, Bakunin, Kropotkin).