[291] _Ib._ p. 339. [292] _Ib._ p. 351. [293] Stirner p. 351. [294] _Ib._ pp. 351-2. [295] _Ib._ pp. 343-4. [296] _Ib._ p. 349. [297] _Ib._ p. 342. [298] Stirner pp. 329-30. [See footnote on page 97.] [299] _Ib._ p. 330. [300] Stirner pp. 421-2. [301] Stirner p. 423. [302] _Ib._ p. 284. [303] _Ib._ p. 483. [304] _Ib._ p. 344. [305] _Ib._ p. 343. [306] _Ib._ p. 422. [307] _Ib._ p. 199. [308] _Ib._ 259. [309] Stirner pp. 198-9. [310] _Ib._ p. 344. [But Stirner does not mean that all are to fight against all; they are merely to declare themselves no longer bound by the obligations of peace, and then those who are able to agree with each other can at once make terms to suit themselves.] [311] _Ib._ p. 340. [312] _Ib._ p. 341. [313] Stirner p. 479. [314] _Ib._ p. 424. [315] _Ib._ pp. 326-7. [316] Stirner pp. 359-60. CHAPTER VI BAKUNIN'S TEACHING 1.--GENERAL 1. Mikhail Alexandrovitch Bakunin was born in 1814 at Pryamukhino, district of Torshok, government of Tver. In 1834 he entered the Artillery School at St. Petersburg; in 1835 he became an officer, but resigned his commission in the same year. He then lived alternately in Pryamukhino and in Moscow. In 1840 Bakunin left Russia. In the following years revolutionary plans took him now to this part of Europe, now to that; in Paris he associated much with Proudhon. In 1849 he was condemned to death in Saxony, but was pardoned; in 1850 he was handed over to Austria and was condemned to death there also; in 1851 he was handed over to Russia and was there kept a prisoner first at St. Petersburg, then at Schluesselburg; in 1857 he was sent to Siberia. From Siberia Bakunin escaped to London in 1865, by way of Japan and California. He took up his revolutionary activities again at once, and thereafter lived by turns in the most various parts of Europe. In 1868 he became a member of the _Association internationale des travailleurs_, and soon afterward he founded the _Alliance internationale de la democratie socialiste_. In 1869 he came into intimate relations with the fanatic Nechayeff, but broke away from him in the next year. In 1872 he was expelled from the _Association internationale des travailleurs_ on the ground that his aims were different from those of the Association. He died at Berne in 1876. Bakunin wrote a number of works of a philosophical and political nature. 2. Bakunin's teaching about law, the State, and property finds its expression especially in the "_Proposition motivee au comite central de la Ligue de la paix et de la liberte_"[317] offered by him in 1868; in the principles[318] of the _Alliance internationale de la democratie socialiste_, drawn up by him in 1868; and in his work "_Dieu et l'Etat_"[319] (1871).