Anatomy and Embalming: A Treatise on the Science and Art of Embalming, the Latest and Most Successful Methods of Treatment and the General Anatomy Relating to this SubjectNunnamaker, Albert John
Science
Anatomy and Embalming: A Treatise on the Science and Art of Embalming, the Latest and Most Successful Methods of Treatment and the General Anatomy Relating to this Subject
Nunnamaker, Albert John
Embalming
Fluorescin is usually injected, one gramme dissolved with an equal
weight of sodium carbonate in eight cubic centimeters of water, and
the whole quantity injected hypodermically. If the circulation is
persisting, the skin and the mucous membranes after a very few minutes
assume a greenish color; about twenty minutes after the injection,
the portion of the eye within the iris assumes a green color from
penetration of the fluorescin into the vitreous and aqueous humors, and
in the blood the fluorescin may be detected by the following method:
One or two threads of cotton are passed under the skin in the form of
a seton, and when saturated with blood are transferred to a test tube,
and boiled with a little water. As the liquid clears the green color
of the fluorescin becomes evident, if that substance has been absorbed
into the blood.
(d) Another method for the distinction of real from apparent death
consists in picking up a fold of the skin and compressing it with a
pair of artery forceps. If the skin does not completely settle down,
and if the fine furrows produced by the teeth of the forceps continue
indefinitely, then death has occurred. Whereas, if the circulation
is continuous, the fold and the marks of the forceps would disappear.
Moreover, if death has occurred the portion of the skin compressed by
the forceps assumes a parchment-like appearance.
(e) The electrical current affords a means of determining death. It
is now known that the muscles, after cadaveric rigidity has set in, do
not respond to electric stimuli. The faradic current will cause, when
death has occurred, muscular contractions until a short time before
post-mortem rigidity occurs. The faradic stimulus is lost first and
the galvanic stimulus soon after. We may be enabled to approximate the
time at which death occurred, for, if we find any response to either
the faradic or the galvanic current, we know at once that post-mortem
rigidity has not yet occurred.
No person should be buried as long as the muscles contract when
stimulated by either the faradic or the galvanic current. If the
electrical test were always applied before a death certificate was
signed, there would be absolutely no possibility of a person being
buried alive and the public would soon lose the morbid fear of such an
occurrence.
=Later and More Positive Signs.=—(a) After a few hours the blood
gradually sinks to the dependent parts of the body giving a
reddish-blue discoloration, known as post-mortem discoloration, or
cadaveric lividity.
(b) The eyes become sunken in the sockets, the eye balls become
flattened, the cornea opaque and the pupil irregular in shape.
(c) The eyelid loses its elasticity, and the white transparent color of
the conjunctiva is lost, often becoming black or gray.
(d) Rigor mortis may or may not be present.
(e) The body gradually cools to the temperature of the surrounding
atmosphere.
(f) On opening an artery it is generally found to be empty after death.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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