[135] Hefner; _Trachten des christlichen Mittelalters_, Pt. I. [136] Described in _Archæologia_, vol. xxxv. [137] For much curious information relating to the practice of interring with the hero his horse, chariot, hawks, hounds, &c., and the discovery of their remains in the graves, see _Archæologia_, vol. xxxiii.; the York volume of the Archæolog. Instit., p. 28; Saxon Obsequies, pl. XXXVIII.; Archæol. Journal, vol. vii. p. 43; Kemble's Saxons in England, vol. i. p. 428; Appendix to Kemble's trans. of "Beowulf;" Wilson's Archæol. of Scotland, pp. 457 and 552; Worsaae's Antiq. of Denmark, p. 100; Bähr's _Die Gräber der Liven_, pl. XVI. Compare also Tacitus, _Germania_, x.; Cæsar, _Bell. Gall._, lib. vi.; and Wilkinson's Anc. Egypt., vol. ii. pp. 270 and 399, ed. 1854. [138] _Orkneyinga Saga._ [139] That is, in the Romance language. [140] feed. [141] use the long-bow. [142] shield. [143] contend. [144] sling. [145] It is curious to compare these highborn ladies of the ninth century with another fair standard-weaver somewhat nearer our own times. Katherine of Arragon, writing to Wolsey, when the king was campaigning in France, says: "I am horridly busy with making standards, banners, and badges." [146] Gestor. Sax., lib. i. [147] Arnulphus Mediol., 1. ii. c. 16; Ricordano Malespina, Hist. Fior., cap. 164; Burchardus, Epistola de excidio urbis Mediolanens., tom. vi.; Hist, Rer. Ital., p. 917. [148] Lib. vii. c. 37. [149] Roy. MS. 18, A. xii., f. 105. [150] _Ap._ Labbæum in Chronolog., lib. ii.; Daniel, _Mil. Fran._, i. 557. [151] Reinaud et Favé: _Du feu grégeois_, &c., p. 218. PART II. FROM THE NORMAN CONQUEST OF ENGLAND TO THE END OF THE TWELFTH CENTURY.