Ancient calendars and constellationsPlunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
History
Ancient calendars and constellations
Plunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
Astronomy, Ancient; Calendar; Constellations
The indications furnished by these two Sanscrit Nakshatra names, if
they are followed, must lead us to attribute the imagining and naming
of the constellation Orion to a time before that when the ancestors of
the Greeks and Indians went their separate ways to the west and to the
east, and so will strengthen the claim here made for the depicting of
the constellation on the sky as early as 4600 B.C.
It will be noted that in the suggestions here offered concerning
Hercules, Corona Australis, Hydra, and Orion, a change in the symbolic
methods followed by earlier astronomers, 6000 B.C., must be supposed.
It was to the constellations invisibly _accompanying_ the sun that the
originators of the Zodiac appear to have directed their attention. But
the symbolic figures we have now been studying--there can, it seems to
me, be little doubt--were designed to mark _visibly_, and, therefore,
in _opposition_ to the sun, the various seasons of the year.
A great astronomic activity, a sort of astronomic renaissance, in fact,
seems to manifest itself as we study the celestial globe at 4600 B.C.,
and to this date I would attribute the origin of the astronomic myths
of many nations.
PLATE XXI.[117]
[117] The figures in this Plate have been drawn from the globe
adjusted to the date, 4128 B.C., Lat. 40° N.
In _The Median Calendar and the Constellation Taurus_ I have put
forward considerations drawn from Median and Assyrian sources, which
seemed to me to lead to the conclusion that at about the date 4000 B.C.
very close attention was given to the position of the colures amongst
the fixed stars, and that at that date very special honour was given
by the ancestors of the Medes to the constellation Sagittarius--the
constellation which at the spring equinox was in opposition to the sun,
and therefore visible all through the night. I need not here reiterate
what was there advanced on this point concerning Median and Assyrian
symbolism, but rather I now desire to draw attention to the existence
in _Egyptian_ art and mythologic teaching of what I cannot but think is
very constant reference to the position of the colures, as they might
have been observed--speaking in round numbers--from 4000 down to 2000
B.C.
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