Ancient calendars and constellationsPlunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
History
Ancient calendars and constellations
Plunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
Astronomy, Ancient; Calendar; Constellations
3. Thou, horse, art YAMA: thou art A’DITYA: thou art TRITA by a
mysterious act: thou art associated with SOMA. The sages have said
there are three bindings of thee in heaven.
4. They have said that three are thy bindings in heaven; three upon
earth; and three in the firmament. Thou declarest to me, Horse,
who art (one with) VARUN̂A, that which they have called thy most
excellent birth.
5. I have beheld, Horse, these thy purifying (regions); these
impressions of the feet of thee, who sharest in the sacrifice; and
here thy auspicious reins, which are the protectors of the rite that
preserve it.
6. I recognise in my mind thy form afar off, going from (the earth)
below, by way of heaven, to the sun. I behold thy head soaring aloft,
and mounting quickly by unobstructed paths, unsullied by dust.
7. I behold thy most excellent form coming eagerly to (receive) thy
food in thy (holy) place of earth; when thy attendant brings thee
nigh to the enjoyment (of the provender), therefore greedy, thou
devourest the fodder.
8. The car follows thee, O Horse: men attend thee; cattle follow
thee; the loveliness of maidens (waits) upon thee; troops of
demi-gods following thee have sought thy friendship; the gods
themselves have been admirers of thy vigour.
9. His mane is of gold; his feet are of iron; and fleet as thought,
INDRA is his inferior (in speed). The gods have come to partake of
his (being offered as) oblation; the first who mounted the horse was
INDRA.
10. The full-haunched, slender-waisted, high-spirited, and celestial
coursers (of the sun), gallop along like swans in rows, when the
horses spread along the heavenly path.
11. Thy body, horse, is made for motion; thy mind is rapid (in
intention) as the wind; the hairs (of thy mane) are tossed in
manifold directions; and spread beautiful in the forests.
12. The swift horse approaches the place of immolation, meditating
with mind intent upon the gods; the goat bound to him is led before
him; after him follow the priests and the singers.
13. The horse proceeds to that assembly which is most excellent: to
the presence of his father and his mother (heaven and earth). Go,
(Horse), to-day rejoicing to the gods, that (the sacrifice) may yield
blessings to the donor.
Many passages in this hymn, such as those in verse 3 referring to Trita
and Soma, may suggest corroborative astronomic observations,[126] but I
would here especially refer to the description, verse 1, of the horse
possessing “the wings of the falcon,” and in verse 6 to the words, “I
behold _thy head soaring aloft_, and mounting quickly by unobstructed
paths, unsullied by dust.”
[126] V. pp. 176, 177.
As I read these hymns I cannot think merely of an actual horse led to
sacrifice, but of the winged celestial Pegasus; nor is it easy to think
of that celestial horse as it is at present depicted, _reversed_ in the
sky.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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