Ancient calendars and constellationsPlunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
History
Ancient calendars and constellations
Plunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
Astronomy, Ancient; Calendar; Constellations
[89] _Pentateuque_, Traduction Nouvelle, par Rabbi Wogue (Lazare),
tom. 3. Discussing an important difference of opinion which exists
amongst Jewish scholars and commentators as to the exact day of
the Passover festival, on which the priest was to wave the sheaf
before the Lord, the writer says: “Le texte porte: ‘Le Lendemain du
Sabbat,’ indication qui a donné lieu à une dissidence importante
entre les Pharisiens et les Saducéens.... Nous avons adopté le
système talmudique, qui a pour lui l’autorité des Septante, des
targoumîm, de Josephe, et l’usage immémorial de la Synagogue; mais,
à ne consulter que les textes sans parti pris, nous ne souscririons
à aucune des deux doctrines. Ni la cérémonie de l’ômer, ni le comput
des semaines, ne sont mis par nos textes en rapport avec la Pâque,
mais uniquement avec les moissons, soit ici, soit dans le Deutéronome
(xvi. 9). Dès la récolte de l’orge, le divin Législateur veut qu’on
lui fasse hommage des prémices de cette céréale; il n’indique point
de date, parceque la moisson, pas plus que la vendange, et pas plus
en Palestine qu’ailleurs, ne commence à jour fixe. Mais une fois
ouverte, elle se continue sans interruption; et comme les froments,
en Palestine, sont coupés sept semaines après, les prémices du
froment doivent être offertes au bout de sept semaines. L’Omer et
la Pentecôte sont donc mobiles par exception, mais cette dernière
est relativement fixe. Maintenant de quel ‘Sabbat’ est il question?
Puisque tout ici est subordonné à _l’ouverture de la moisson_, ce
sera naturellement le Sabbat qui suit cette ouverture.”
But if our enquiries should lead us to accept, as at least a
probability, the existence in Mosaic times of an astronomically
counted Hebrew year, and if this admission should require us to change
long-held opinions regarding the right observance of Hebrew festivals,
on the other hand, the fact that we might then trace _Arabian_ rather
than _Babylonian_ influence in the name of Abib would have its weight
on the conservative side of the controversy concerning the post or
pre-exilic _date_ of the books of Exodus and Deuteronomy.
The fact that in India the months are named after the stars in
opposition to the sun suggested the above proposed explanations of
the Hebrew month name Abib as that of the month when the sun was in
conjunction with the constellation Aries, and in opposition to the star
Spica, marking the Zodiacal ears of corn. But there is a further point
of connexion to be observed between Indian astronomy and Biblical
archæology, namely, that the _first month of the Indian year_ is at
the present date the month during which the sun is in conjunction with
the constellation Aries. This month is called Chaitra, which is the
Sanscrit name of the star Spica, and it is in fact the same sidereally
marked month, which, according to the opinions here advocated, was the
first month of the ancient Accadian, Babylonian, and Hebrew years.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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