Ancient calendars and constellationsPlunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
History
Ancient calendars and constellations
Plunket, Emmeline M. (Emmeline Mary)
Astronomy, Ancient; Calendar; Constellations
In the Zend Avesta Thrita corresponds in many points with the Vedic
Trita. Thraetona also represents Trita under some of his other aspects,
and mention is made of Thraetona’s “two brothers who seek to slay him
on the way.”[91] From these facts it may be inferred that the Trita
myth is pre-Vedic. We need not, therefore, be surprised to find traces
of it in European mythologies. The name of Trita, with only a change
of termination, appears as the Greek Triton, and we may guess at an
allusion in the sculptured forms of Greek and Roman Tritons--half men
and half fish--to the two watery constellations, Aquarius and Pisces,
in which the Vedic Trita Aptya (son of waters) made his abode. The
Roman rendering of these composite figures, especially, may recall
to our minds the Zodiacal basis of the myth--the two fish of Pisces
appearing in Italian art, as the two fish-tails which terminate the
human-headed figure of the Triton. Again Hecate, as has been pointed
out by scholars, bears a close resemblance in name to Ekata. Hecate was
a lunar divinity; she was worshipped and sacrificed to at the close of
the month. We may therefore suppose she represented the waning moon.
She is further said to have been the daughter of Perseus and Asteria.
Looking at the figures of the celestial sphere (see Plate), we may
trace the third part of the moon’s course--the ten days of its waning
appropriated to Ekata--and observe how this portion of its course began
close to the _constellation Perseus_. Thus the Sanscrit Trita myth may
explain the name and parentage of the Grecian Hecate.[92]
[91] Macdonell, _Vedic Mythology_, p. 69.
[92] It is not to be supposed that only the month of the summer
solstice was divided into the three parts, personified by Ekata,
Dvita, and Trita: the legend of Trita Aptya, that is, Trita in the
waters (or, of the waters), is necessarily restricted to that season
in which the moon came to its full in the constellations Aquarius or
Pisces. Some interesting indications in Indian and Greek mythology
seem to point to a similar division of other months, but the subject
is surrounded with uncertainties and difficulties.
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