“In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my Hand and Seal, and published and declared this as my last Will and Testament, this Third Day of May, 1740. “JONATHAN SWIFT.” WILL OF J. M. W. TURNER, R.A. The great painter, J. M. W. Turner, R.A., died in 1851. It is unnecessary to quote this lengthy and well-known document; indeed, we might speak of the unfortunate will and its numerous codicils in the plural. It was dated June 10, 1831, and was attested by George Cobb, John Saxon, and Charles Tall. It is written in various legal hands, all except the first codicil, the whole of which is in autograph. After legacies to private friends and servants, and to various charities, and the bequests of his valuable works to the nation, under very special and stringent conditions, this eccentric, wealthy, and benevolent artist ordered that the residue of his estate should be devoted to the founding and maintaining of an “institution for the support of poor and decayed male artists, born in England and of English parents only, and lawful issue.” “Unfortunately for the poor artists of England,” says Turner’s biographer, “the will being a most cloudy document, full of confusions and interpolations, it was disputed by the next of kin, who endeavoured to establish that the testator was of unsound mind. But this effort to annihilate its validity failed, the testator being held to be of sound mind and capable of making a legal disposition of his estate. “The trustees and executors thereupon filed a bill in Chancery on the 25th of April, 1852, praying the court to construe the will, and enable them to administer the estate. The next of kin, by their answer, contended that since it was impossible to place any construction upon the will at all, it was necessarily void.” The testator’s property, we may remark, was sworn under £140,000. The documents in this Chancery suit, which extended to four years, are of several tons weight. The bills of costs alone would fill a butcher’s cart. How Turner would have groaned to see the lawyers fattening on his hard-earned savings! A compromise was eventually effected between all parties to the suit, and on March 19, 1856, a decree was pronounced, with their consent, to the following effect: 1. The real estate to go to the heir-at-law. 2. The pictures, etc., to the National Gallery. 3. £1000 for the erection of the monument in St. Paul’s Cathedral. 4. £20,000 to the Royal Academy, free of legacy duty. 5. Remainder to be divided among next of kin. WILL OF VAUGELAS