Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative worksBaldwin, Charles Sears
History
Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative works
Baldwin, Charles Sears
Classical literature -- History and criticism -- Theory, etc.; Poetics -- History -- To 1500; Rhetoric, Ancient
This is clearest in chapters x-xv, which show how power of conception
works out in the typical movement (x) of poetic, then (xi-xiv) in that
of rhetoric, and then (xv) in their common ground of diction. These
chapters, the core of the treatise, confirm by artistic divination the
philosophical analysis of Aristotle, and range beyond diction into
composition. How, he inquires, are we to lift oratory to the heights?
Even as Sappho, he answers, makes us in a single poem feel love; that
is, by selecting those characteristic actions which are most salient and
gathering them into a single body. “Do you not marvel how she seeks to
gather soul and body into one, hearing and tongue, eyes and mien, all
dispersed and strangers before?”[3] Poetry gives us the truth of life
by bringing into organic continuity what is revealing and significant.
What life disperses and interrupts, poetry focuses and brings into
emotional sequence and momentum. Its essential processes are to realize
these saliences imaginatively and to unify them. “It is survey of the
high points, and composition (σύνταξις) for unity.”[4] A simple modern
instance is Browning’s “Meeting at Night.”
This, the treatise goes on (xi-xii), is the typical method of poetic.
The parallel (σύνεδρος) method of rhetoric is the converse; it is
amplification. Poetry suggests in a flash; oratory iterates and enlarges.
The one is intensive; the other, extensive. The one is compressed;
the other, cumulative. Now none of the many and well-known means of
amplification is self-sufficient. They all fall short without what we
have called heightening. True, amplification and height of style may
seem (xii) to amount to the same thing, since the object of both is by
definition to invest the subject with greatness; but they differ in
method.
Height means direct lift (δίαρμα); amplification implies
multitude. Therefore the former is often in a single idea
(νόημα), whereas the latter always implies quantity and
abundance.... So Cicero differs from Demosthenes in grand
passages. The [force of the] one is in sheer height; of the
other, in volume.... The fire of the one is like lightning ...
of the other, like a conflagration.[5]
So much for height as proceeding from the whole conception and movement.
To return now to diction:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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