Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative worksBaldwin, Charles Sears
History
Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative works
Baldwin, Charles Sears
Classical literature -- History and criticism -- Theory, etc.; Poetics -- History -- To 1500; Rhetoric, Ancient
The Alexandrian[59] dilation of such description[60] appears also in
the long-drawn emotions of soliloquy.[61] The fixing of this as a
literary type must have been promoted by the prevalence of the schools of
_declamatio_,[62] where Ovid had studied. Practised in elementary form
even by Roman schoolboys, developed by _declamatores_ in exhibitions of
virtuosity, the fiction of what so-and-so must have said on such-and-such
an occasion is still a rhetorical exercise. As an exercise it has some
value in promoting poetic appreciation; but it seems hardly the way
toward poetic creation. Ovid, at any rate, hardly creates persons. The
address of Sol, for instance, to Phaëthon,[63] is only a more extended
and more professional school theme; and the mixture of allegorical
personification with myth[64] shows him rather as a rhetorician[65] than
as a poet. That he is not a myth-maker, only a myth-teller, may be seen
by putting any of his demigods beside the Prometheus of Æschylus—or even
the Prometheus of Shelley. For re-creation Ovid lacked what the Great
Unknown[66] thought to be the primary source of expression, intellectual
vigor of conception. Thus his mythical persons, though always appropriate
and sometimes vivid, are not alive.
More has been claimed for his story-telling. Cruttwell[67] says of the
_Metamorphoses_: “The skill with which different legends are woven
into the fabric of the composition is as marvellous as the frivolous
dilettantism which could treat a long heroic poem in such a way.” The
skill of the weaving is indisputable; but is it more than an art of
transition? To call the _Metamorphoses_ a long heroic poem suggests
a cruel comparison with the _Æneid_, and partly begs the question.
What Ovid seems to have intended, and what he achieved, is a deftly
articulated collection. It is not a single poem in the sense of having
emotional progress or totality, nor is any other of Ovid’s collections.
His distinctively narrative art, therefore, is to be sought not in the
connection between stories, but in the composition of each one. It is
even probable that this art was the more popular because it offered, not
a long sustained narrative, but many separable short tales.
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