Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative worksBaldwin, Charles Sears
History
Ancient rhetoric and poetic : $b Interpreted from representative works
Baldwin, Charles Sears
Classical literature -- History and criticism -- Theory, etc.; Poetics -- History -- To 1500; Rhetoric, Ancient
(1) The term _sententiæ_ might imply such interpretations as were
significant because they were leading. Taken thus, it suggests the
saliences which mark, stage by stage, the development of a single,
controlling interpretation. But _sententiæ_ was used familiarly of such
interpretations as were valuable rather separately than together, for
themselves rather than for the furthering of a progressive development—in
a word, aphorisms, or epigrams. The latter sense had become the more
common, and in fact is what Seneca exhibits. His _declamatores_ seem more
concerned to strike now and strike again than to urge on. Though they
still distinguish the formal parts (proem, statement, etc.),[44] they
are no longer preoccupied with the onward march of the older tradition.
For the cogency of progressive development they have substituted the
momentary effectiveness of striking summaries.
(2) Seneca’s _divisio_, the analysis of the case, shows similarly not the
stages of a consecutive order, but merely the components of an arbitrary
classification. Given such cases as were posed, even the _divisio_
called for ingenuity. Its preliminary _quæstiones_ sometimes suggest an
ingenious and perverted application of the traditional _status_.[45]
(3) Under _colores_[46] Seneca exhibits the imaginative development.
Meaning generally the tone, or cast—in a large sense, the style,
_colores_ means specifically in Seneca’s collection (1) descriptive
amplification, and (2) dramatic characterization. Even the descriptions
were more than concrete realization of the facts; they were imaginative
elaborations.
Quintus Haterius, on the side of the father [in the case of the
pirate chief’s daughter, above, page 92] evoked a very fine
picture. In the abrupt style habitual with him he began to
describe, as if he heard the tumult, how everything was laid
waste and ravaged, the farms given to the flames, the peasants’
flight; and, when he had amplified the terror, he added: “Why
shudder, young man? ’Tis the arrival of your father-in-law.”
Seneca, _Controversiæ_, I. 6. 12.
[Fabianus] was apter at _suasoriæ_. The local color of places,
the courses of rivers, the sites of cities and the habits of
their peoples, no one described more amply. Never did he
pause for lack of a word. His soothing speech would flow about
everything with swiftest and easiest course. _Ibid._ II. præf.
3.
More boldly and ingeniously imaginative was the characterization. The
case itself being fictitious, the treatment might go the whole length
of fiction. At least the _declamatio_ must so enter into the motives,
and especially the emotions, of the parties as to make them _dramatis
personæ_; at most he might go so far as to supply his imaginary dialogues
with a plot.[47] Thus a guilty son is staged in dialogue with his father:
I shall die. I shall die.
Perhaps. I shall not weep.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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