_Discovery and Description of Canoe._--The experience derived from the
investigations of the crannogs at Lochlee and Lochspouts, in both of
which a submerged gangway was found running to the nearest shore, was
sufficiently suggestive to keep me on the _qui vive_ for any indications
of a similar structure here. On the north side, where the shore was
nearest, though the digging was carried considerably deeper and farther
out from the margin of the crannog than elsewhere, not the slightest
appearance of outlying wood-work was observed; and as there was no
probability of an approach from the more distant ends of the lake, the
situation of a gangway, if such existed at all, was limited to the
south-west side, where the shore would be about 150 yards distant. To
determine this, the men were set to cut a trench about 12 yards distant
from the crannog, across the most likely line, so as to intercept
it, and after going down 4 feet they came upon a layer of brushwood,
along with one or two beams, below which there seemed to be the usual
lake mud. Upon forcing the spade downwards, however, a hard beam was
encountered, which at first I took to be the discovery of part of the
gangway we were in search of, and to satisfy myself on the point I
took an iron rod, and, by carefully probing all over the bottom of the
trench, ascertained that instead of a gangway we had come upon portion
of a canoe. Guided by the direction of the supposed side of the canoe,
which looked like a thin oak beam running along the edge of the trench,
a suitable clearance was made, which revealed to the wondering gaze of
the bystanders the front half of a large canoe. Upon being subsequently
exposed in its entirety it was found to have the following dimensions
and peculiarities. Its sides were supported by a series of well-shaped
ribs, which extended from the rim to near the mesial line, and
sometimes a little beyond it. This, at first sight, gave the canoe the
appearance of a boat, but after careful inspection it became apparent
that these ribs were no part of the original vessel, but subsequent
additions made for repairing and strengthening purposes. Nearly the
whole of one side was lined with broad thin boards made of soft wood,
external to which was the thin oak side of the canoe, having its cracks
as well as the intermediate spaces between it and the strengthening
boards actually stuffed with a species of moss. Moreover, the ribs
on this side were more numerous than on the other side, no less than
ten having been observed on the former, and their arrangement on both
sides was totally devoid of regularity. Of the whole series of ribs
only two were made of oak, the rest being of birch or some perishable
wood, and so decayed that it was with great care they were prevented
from being entirely destroyed by the workmen, as they offered no
resistance to their spades. They were fastened to the canoe by wooden
pins, arranged generally in couples forming two rows along the rib, and
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