Amongst extraneous antiquarian discoveries with which we may profitably
compare the remains from the lake-dwellings, there are two remarkable
groups recently brought to light by the exploration of two caves,
both of which, singularly enough, are within the confines of the
ancient kingdom of Strathclyde. These are a collection of relics from
the Victoria Cave near Settle, Yorkshire,[50] and another from the
Borness Cave, Kirkcudbrightshire.[51] Though the objects indicative of
high-class art found in the latter are not so numerous as those from
the former, yet they are, as a whole, of a similar character and type.
They consist of fragments of Samian ware, bronze fibulæ, and other
ornaments of bronze and horn, spindle-whorls, and a large quantity of
implements and weapons made of stone, bone, and horn, etc., all of
which bear a striking resemblance to the corresponding objects from
the Lake-Dwellings. It would exceed my limits to enter upon a minute
and critical comparison of the important results obtained from these
two independent sources, viz., the Caves and the Lake-Dwellings; I
cannot, however, resist quoting the following remarks by Professor Boyd
Dawkins, regarding the date of habitation of the Victoria Cave, which
might, with equal appropriateness, be applied to the latter:--
"There can be no doubt but that this strange collection of objects
was formed during the sojourn of a family for some length of
time in the cave; we have to account for the presence of so many
articles of luxury in so strange and wild a place. The personal
ornaments, and the Samian ware, are such as would have graced the
villa of a wealthy Roman, rather than the abode of men who lived by
choice in recesses in the rock. In the coins we have a key which
explains the difficulty. Some belonged to Trajan and Constantine,
others to Tetricus (A.D. 267-273), while others are barbarous
imitations of Roman coins, which are assigned by numismatists
to the period just about the time of the Roman evacuation of
Britain. These objects, therefore, could not have been introduced
into the cave before the end of the fourth century, or just that
time when the historical record shows us that the province of
Roman Britain was suffering from the anarchy consequent on the
withdrawal of the Roman troops. In the year 360, the savage Picts
and Scots, pent up in the north by the Roman walls, broke in upon
the unarmed and rich provincials, and carried fire and sword as
far south as London. Their ravages were repeated from time to
time, until the Northumbrian Angles finally conquered the Celtic
kingdom of Strathclyde. It must nevertheless be admitted that,
so long as the Celts of Strathclyde held their ground against
the Angles, they would certainly follow the mode of life and the
manners and customs handed down to them by their forefathers, the
Roman provincials.
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