4. _Canoes, Paddles, etc._--At the commencement of our explorations, as already mentioned, a canoe, hollowed out of a single oak trunk, was found about 100 yards north of the crannog. Its depth in the moss was well ascertained, owing to the fact that, though lying at the bottom of one of the original drains, it presented no obstruction to the flow of water, and consequently was then undisturbed. During the recent drainage all the drains were made a foot deeper, and hence its discovery. It measures 10 feet long, 2 feet 6 inches broad (inside), and 1 foot 9 inches deep. The bottom is flat and 4 inches thick, but its sides are thin and rise up abruptly. There are nine holes in its bottom, arranged in two rows, and about 15 inches apart, with the odd one at the apex. These holes are perfectly round, and exactly 1 inch in diameter, and when the canoe was disinterred they were quite invisible, being all tightly plugged (Fig. 125). The oak paddle here figured was found on the crannog. It is double-bladed, 4 feet 8 inches long and 5-1/2 inches broad (Fig. 126). [Illustration: Fig. 126.--Oak Paddle (1/24).] A large oar, together with the blade portion of another, was found on the margin of the crannog, which has already been described (see page 96). When the original drainage was carried out some forty years ago, I understand that two canoes, each of which was about 12 feet long, were found in the bed of the lake on the south-west side of the crannog. V. OBJECTS OF METAL. (_a._) _Articles made of Iron._--1. A gouge, 8 inches long; stem 1-1/4 inch in circumference, slightly fluted before and behind; length of cutting edge 3/4 of an inch; handle portion contained beautiful green crystals of vivianite (Fig. 127). 2. A chisel, length 10 inches; handle portion 3-1/2 inches long; contains crystals and small remnant of bone handle; below handle there is a thick rim of iron; cutting edge measures only 1/2 an inch, and slopes equally on both sides. Top shows evidence of being hammered (Fig. 128). 3. Two knives. One (Fig. 129) has a blade 6 inches long, and a pointed portion for being inserted into a handle; found on a level with, and close to, the lowest hearth, along with fragments of its handle made of stag's horn. The other (Fig. 47), found by a farmer in the débris long after it was thrown out of the trenches, was hafted on a different plan from the former, the end portion being broad and riveted to its handle by four iron rivets, which still remain. The blade is 6 inches long and much worn, being only 1/4 to 1/2 inch in breadth, and the handle portion is 3-1/2 inches long. Its position in the crannog is therefore uncertain. [Illustration: Fig. 127.--Iron Gouge (1/4).] [Illustration: Fig. 128.--Iron Chisel (1/4).] [Illustration: Fig. 129.--Iron Knife (1/4).] 4. A small punch, 2-1/2 inches long--locality uncertain (Fig. 130). [Illustration: Fig. 130. Iron Punch (1/4).]