And the Kaiser abdicates: The German Revolution November 1918-August 1919Bouton, S. Miles (Stephen Miles)
History
And the Kaiser abdicates: The German Revolution November 1918-August 1919
Bouton, S. Miles (Stephen Miles)
Germany -- History -- Revolution, 1918; Germany -- Politics and government
The government, averse though it was to the employment of force to
maintain its authority, had realized at the beginning of December the
increasing strength of the Spartacans, and had begun assembling a
military force of loyal soldiers in various garrisons outside the city.
Three thousand of these troops now marched into the city. Hundreds of
the men in the ranks carried rifles slung across officers'
shoulder-straps. They marched as troops ought to march, sang patriotic
songs and looked grimly determined. For miles along their route they
were greeted by frantic cheering and even by joyous tears from the
law-abiding citizens who had been terrorized by the scum of a great
capital.[61]
[61] The task of the government was made harder throughout its
darkest days by the aid and comfort given its enemies by the
character of the reports published in certain enemy papers
regarding conditions in Germany. Nearly the entire Paris
press regularly published extravagantly untrue reports
concerning the situation, and many English and American
papers followed suit. The London _Times_ of December 10th
gravely told its readers that "in a political sense Ebert is
suspected of being a mere tool of the old regime, whose
difficult task it is to pave the first stages of the road to
the restoration of the Hohenzollerns months or years hence."
Three days later it declared that "the German army chiefs
propose to let the Spartacans upset the government so that
they can summon Hindenburg to save the day and reestablish
the monarchy."Articles of this stamp were eagerly pounced
upon and republished by Independent Socialist and Spartacan
organs of the stamp of _Die Freiheit_, _Die Republik_,
Liebknecht's _Die rote Fahne_, and others, and were of great
assistance to the enemies of good government in their efforts
to convince the ignorant and fanatical that the government
was organizing a "white guard" for counter-revolutionary
purposes and was plotting the restoration of the monarchy.
One dispatch from Paris, published extensively in the
American press on February 26th, quoted in all seriousness "a
prominent American Socialist in close touch with German
Liberals and with exceptional sources of secret information,"
who had learned that "the German revolution was a piece of
theatrical manipulation by agents of the militaristic
oligarchy to win an armistice." That such a report could be
published in responsible organs is a staggering commentary on
the manner in which the war-psychosis inhibited clear
thinking. The Conservative Deputy Hergt, speaking in the
Prussian Diet on March 15th, said: "We Conservatives are not
conscienceless enough to plunge the land into civil warfare.
We shall wait patiently until the sound sense of the German
people shall demand a return to the monarchic form of
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