And the Kaiser abdicates: The German Revolution November 1918-August 1919Bouton, S. Miles (Stephen Miles)
History
And the Kaiser abdicates: The German Revolution November 1918-August 1919
Bouton, S. Miles (Stephen Miles)
Germany -- History -- Revolution, 1918; Germany -- Politics and government
The individual; social life; religion and religious societies;
education and school; economic life.
The first ten articles, dealing with the individual, begin by declaring
the equality of all Germans before the law. All titles of nobility are
abolished, but they may be borne hereafter as parts of a name. Orders
and decorations may not be conferred by the state, and "no German may
accept titles or orders from a foreign government."[80] That part of the
Bill of Rights contained in amendments i, iv, vi, and xiv of the
American constitution is taken over in effect, but with much enlargement
of the rights of the individual. Thus, to the provision for freedom of
speech and the press is added the declaration that "no employment or
salaried relation shall deprive any person of this right, and no person
may prejudice him for making use of this right." Later, in the articles
dealing with economic life, it is further provided:
[80] This goes even farther than the American constitution, which
provides merely that "no person holding any office of profit
or trust" under the federal government shall, without the
consent of Congress, accept any present or title from a
foreign power. (Art. I, sect. 9, par. 8.)
"Freedom to associate for the protection and furthering of labor
and economic conditions is guaranteed to every person and for
all callings. All agreements and measures which endeavor to
restrict or prevent the exercise of this freedom are
illegal.[81]
[81] Under this provision workmen cannot be required to sign
contracts binding them not to join labor-unions, nor can
employers contract with each other not to hire members of
such unions.
A right to the protection of the Reich as against foreign countries is
expressly granted "to all nationals of the Reich both within and without
the territory of the Reich."[82] Nor may any German be delivered up to a
foreign nation for prosecution or punishment. It is expressly provided
that men and women "have, in principle, the same rights and duties." The
right to assemble peaceably without previous notification or permission
is granted--a flat contrast to the situation under the monarchy--but the
Reichstag is empowered to enact a law requiring previous notification of
such assemblages if they are to be held outdoors, and may prohibit them
in case the public safety be threatened.
[82] This, too, is a departure from the American model. An
American citizen has no constitutional right to the
protection of his government while he is without the country.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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