And the Kaiser abdicates: The German Revolution November 1918-August 1919Bouton, S. Miles (Stephen Miles)
History
And the Kaiser abdicates: The German Revolution November 1918-August 1919
Bouton, S. Miles (Stephen Miles)
Germany -- History -- Revolution, 1918; Germany -- Politics and government
The message was brief; Hindenburg, said Major von Busche, had become
convinced that a request for an armistice must be made. The General
Field Marshal had declared, however, that if the request should be
refused, or if dishonoring conditions should be imposed, the fight must
and could go on. He had no intention of throwing his rifle into the
ditch. If necessary, Germany could continue fighting in enemy territory
for months. Von Busche did not admit in so many words that all hope of
an eventual victory had been lost, but that was the effect of his
message.
The men who heard from the highest military authorities in this blunt
manner that the situation was even worse than they had feared were
dumfounded. If Hindenburg and Ludendorff had given up, there was nothing
to be said. It was decided to ask for an armistice.
Prince Max was inclined to refuse to become Imperial Chancellor if it
meant that his first act must be a confession of the impossibility of
carrying on the war longer--for that, he perceived clearly, would be the
natural and logical deduction from a request for an armistice. He
particularly disapproved of making the request as the first act of his
chancellorship. This, he pointed out, would give a needless appearance
of desperate haste and increase the depressing effect of the action,
which would in any event be serious enough.
Prince Max's attitude at this crisis was explained by him in an article
in the _Preussische Jahrbuecher_ following the armistice. He wrote then:
"My peace policy was gravely hampered by the request for an
armistice, which was presented to me completely formulated when
I reached Berlin. I opposed it on practical political grounds.
It seemed to me to be a great mistake to permit the new
government's first step toward peace to be followed by such a
surprising confession of German weakness. Neither our own people
nor the enemy countries estimated our military situation to be
such that a desperate step of this kind was necessary. I made a
counter-proposal. The government should as its first act draw up
a detailed program of its war-aims, and this program should
demonstrate to the whole world our agreement with Wilson's
principles and our honest willingness to make heavy national
sacrifices for these principles.
"The military authorities replied that it was impossible to
await the result of such a declaration. The situation at the
front required that a request for an armistice be made within
twenty-four hours. If I refused to make it, the old government
would make it. I thereupon decided to form a new government and
to support the unavoidable request for an armistice with the
authority of a cabinet of uncompromised men. A week later the
military authorities informed me that they had erred in their
estimate of the situation at the front on October 1st."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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