Nor, again, is the complexity of the adjustment distinctive of intelligence as contrasted with instinct. We have cited examples which afford evidence of much complexity in instinctive behaviour. The construction and storage of the nest among solitary wasps, and their methods of capturing and conveying the insects or spiders on which they prey, are sufficiently complex. So, too, is the behaviour of the Sitaris larva which attaches itself to the male bee, passes to the female, and then slips on to the eggs she lays; and so, again, is that of the Yucca moth, which collects pollen from the anthers, conveys it to the stigma, and then lays her eggs among the ovules. These cases show, too, that the circumstances may be dealt with in such a way as to extract from them the maximum of benefit. It would be difficult intelligently to improve upon the manner of dealing with the circumstances displayed in many familiar modes of instinctive procedure. There remain the novelty of the adjustment and the individuality displayed. And here we seem to have valid criteria of intelligent behaviour. The ability to perform acts in special adaptation to new circumstances, and the individuality manifested in dealing with the complex conditions of a variable environment,--these seem to be distinctive features of intelligence. On the other hand, in instinctive behaviour there seems to be no choice; the animal is impelled to their stereotyped performance through impulse, as by a stern necessity; they are so far from novel that they are performed by every like individual of the species, and have been so performed by their ancestors for generations; and in performing the instinctive act, the animal seems to have no more individuality or originality than a piece of adequately wound clockwork. Granting, then, that behaviour is shown to be intelligent by the fact that there is evidence of profiting by experience, we may say that the level attained by the intelligence is indicated by the complexity of the adjustment, its precision, the individuality shown, the amount of prevision disclosed, and in its being such as to extract from the circumstances the maximum of benefit. Many of these points, however, serve equally well to mark the level of instinctive procedure. II.--INTELLIGENT BEHAVIOUR IN INSECTS