That in some cases there is something very like a training or education of the ant when it emerges from the pupa condition is rendered probable by the observations of M. Forel. As Romanes says,[51] “The young ant does not appear to come into the world with a full instinctive knowledge of all its duties as a member of a social community. It is led about the nest and ‘trained to a knowledge of domestic duties, especially in the case of larvæ.’ Later on, the young ants are taught to distinguish between friends and foes.” We have only to weigh the evidence brought forward by such observers as Fabre and Dr. Peckham to see that among the solitary wasps and mason bees the behaviour, though founded on instinct, is in large degree modified by intelligence. The care with which a site for the tunnelled nest in the ground is selected, betokens something more than instinct. The following is a slightly condensed statement of Dr. and Mrs. Peckham’s observations on one of the solitary wasps (_Aporus fasciatus_).[52] “We were working one day in the melon-field when we saw one of these little wasps going backwards and dragging a spider. She twice left it on the ground while she circled about for a moment, but soon carried it up on to one of the large melon leaves, and left it there while she made a long and careful study of the locality, skimming close to the ground in and out among the vines; at length she went under a leaf close to the ground, and began to dig. After her head was well down in the ground we broke off the leaf that we might see her method of work. She went on for ten minutes without noticing the change, and then, without any circling, flew off to visit her spider. When she tried to return to her hole it was evident that some landmark was missing. Again and again she zig-zagged from the spider to the nesting-place, going by a sort of path among the vines from leaf to leaf, and from blossom to blossom, but when she reached the spot she did not recognize it. At last we laid the leaf back in its place over the opening, when she at once went in and resumed her work, keeping at it steadily for ten minutes longer. At this point she suddenly reversed her operations, and began to fill in the hole that she had made. She then glanced at the spider, selected a new place, and began to dig again. This hole was also filled in; she looked once more at the spider, and started a nest in a new place. This, in turn, was soon abandoned, as was a fourth. The fifth beginning was made under a leaf that lay close to the ground, but after twenty minutes’ work this place also was abandoned and a sixth started. This, however, was the final choice, and after forty-five minutes spent in digging it was completed.” [Illustration: FIG. 19.--Solitary Wasp using a stone to beat down the earth over its nest (after Peckham).]