It may be said that the remarkable feats of performing animals imply the existence of faculties of a higher order than Dr. Thorndike and I are prepared to admit on the basis of our experiments. Mr. P. G. Hamerton many years ago described[64] how, in his own house, a cleverly trained dog would fetch in their right order the letters which spelt the English or German equivalents of common French words, and do other wonderful things. But the owner of the dog (M. du Rouil) admitted that there was a means of rapport between them which he was not prepared to divulge. It is just because the trainer has to lead up to and utilize chance experiences that such prolonged patience and care are required. The animal is but the instrument on which his clever trainer plays; an instrument of wonderful intelligence, but lacking in the higher rational faculty. The organized scheme is the master’s, not that of his willing slave. A rational being might not do more wonderful things; but he would learn them more rapidly and by a less wearisome method. As it is, the clever performing dog originates little or nothing, and repeats again and again the same stereotyped behaviour, which--if one witnesses the performance often--touches one with a profound sense of its lack of rational spontaneity. As at present advised, therefore, I see no reason for withdrawing from the position provisionally taken up. The utilization of chance experience, without the framing and application of an organized scheme of knowledge, appears to be the predominant method of animal intelligence. On this view, then, we may see in instinctive behaviour, and the multifarious automatic acts of animals, a means of providing experience of the right kind and on profitable lines. We may see in the play-instincts of the young a training ground for the more serious business of animal life--a theme developed by Professor Groos. We may see in the imitative tendency--the innate proclivity to follow a lead blindly and at first unintelligently--a further means of providing those useful items of experience which intelligence finds so serviceable. And we may see in the intelligence which can profit by chance occurrences that arise in these several ways all that suffices for the simple needs of animal existence.