Animal intelligence: Experimental studiesThorndike, Edward L. (Edward Lee)
Science
Animal intelligence: Experimental studies
Thorndike, Edward L. (Edward Lee)
Animal intelligence; Psychology, Comparative
Experiments of this sort were discontinued in the summer. In October I
tried No. 1 with the right and left hand experiment, he being in a new
room and cage, and I being seated in a different situation. He came down
at both signals and failed to make any ascertainable progress with the no
signal in 80 trials. (October 20-24.)
[Illustration: FIG. 30.]
I then tried him with the black and buff diamonds, the black being in
front (October 25-29). The reaction to the ‘yes’ signal was perfect from
the start. The progress with the ‘no’ signal is shown in Fig. 30, _d_.
I then tried him with an apparatus externally of different size, shape
and color from that so far used, showing as the ‘yes’ signal a brown
card and as the ‘no’ signal a white and gold card one half inch farther
back in the apparatus. The ‘yes’ signal was practically perfect from the
start. His progress with the ‘no’ signal is shown in Fig. 30, _e_.
I then tried a still different arrangement for exposure, to which,
however, he did not give uniform attention.
I then tried cards 1 and 101, 101 being in front and 1 in back. 1 was
the ‘yes’ signal. ‘Yes’ responses were perfect from the start. For ‘no’
responses see Fig. 30, _f_. I then put the ‘yes’ signal in front and the
‘no’ signal behind. ‘Yes’ responses perfect; for ‘no’ responses see Fig.
30, _f_, _a_.
From now on I arranged the exposures in such a way that there was no
difference between the ‘yes’ and ‘no’ signals in distance or surroundings.
The following list shows the dates, signals used, and the figures on
page 199 presenting the results. Where there is only one figure drawn,
it refers to progress with the ‘no’ signal, the ‘yes’ signal being
practically perfect from the start.
TABLE 10
==================+==============+=============+========
| ‘YES’ SIGNAL | ‘NO’ SIGNAL | FIGURE
------------------+--------------+-------------+--------
Nov. 13-15, 1900. | 2 | 102 | _g g₁_
Nov. 14-16, 1900. | 3 | 103 | _i i₁_
Nov. 16-19, 1900. | 4 | 104 | _h_
Nov. 19, 1900. | 5 | 105 | _j_
Nov. 20, 1900. | 6 | 106 | _k_
Nov. 21, 1900. | 7 | 107 | _l_
Nov. 23(?), 1900. | 8 | 108 | _m_
Nov. 27-29, 1900. | 9 | 109 | _n_
Nov. 30, 1900. | 10 | 110 | _o_
==================+==============+=============+========
Fig. 29 gives facsimiles of the different signals reduced to one sixth
their actual size. The drawing of 101 is not accurate, the outer ring
being too thick.
EXPERIMENTS WITH NO. 2
[Illustration: FIG. 31.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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