Animal intelligence: Experimental studiesThorndike, Edward L. (Edward Lee)
Science
Animal intelligence: Experimental studies
Thorndike, Edward L. (Edward Lee)
Animal intelligence; Psychology, Comparative
Some cats were also experimented with in the following manner. They were
put into a box [No. 7 into box A (O at front), No. 5 into B (O at back)]
and left for from 45 to 75 seconds. Then a cat who knew the way to get
out was put in, and, of course, pulled at the loop and opened the door.
_Both cats then went out and both were fed._ After the cat had been
given a number of such chances to learn by imitation, he was put in and
left until he did the thing, or until 5 or 10 minutes elapsed. As in the
preceding experiments, no change in their behavior which might signify
imitation was observed. No. 7 acted exactly like 3, or 10, or 11, when
put in the box, apparently forming the association by accident in just
the same way. Good evidence that he did not imitate is the fact that,
whereas 1 (whom he saw) pulled the loop with his teeth, 7 pulled it with
his paw. 5 failed to form the association, though he saw 3 do it 8 times
and probably saw him 18 times more. He did get out twice by clawing the
_string_ in the _front_ of the box, not the _loop_ in the _back_, as 3
did. These successes took place early in the experiment. After that he
failed when left alone to get out at all.
Another experiment was made by a still different method. My cats were
kept in a large box about 4 ft. high, the front of which was covered with
poultry-yard netting. Its top was a board which could be removed. To save
opening the door and letting them all loose, I was in the habit of taking
them out by the top when I wanted to experiment with them. Of course the
one who happened to climb up (perhaps attracted by the smell of fish
on my fingers) was most likely to be taken out and experimented with
and fed. Thus they formed the habit of climbing up the front of the box
whenever I approached. Of three cats which I obtained at the same time,
one did not after 8 or 10 days acquire this habit. Even though I held out
a piece of fish through the netting, he would not climb after it. It was
reasonable to suppose that imitation might overcome this sluggishness,
if there were any imitation. I therefore put two cats with him and had
them climb up 80 times before his eyes and get fish. He never followed or
tried to follow them.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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